2006年四川省饮茶型氟中毒病情调查结果分析

目的 分析四川省饮茶型氟中毒病情现状.方法 按<四川省饮茶型氟中毒流行病学调查方案>,在四川省的饮砖茶区,选择10个县,每个县按不同方位选择10个乡镇,每个乡选择2个行政村和1所中心小学,对8～12岁儿童和20岁以上成人开展氟斑牙、氟骨症、尿氟调查.氟斑牙诊断采用Dean法,氟骨症采用临床和X线检查,尿氟测定采用氟离子选择电极法.结果 调查儿童5044名、成人4053名,氟斑牙检出率分别为55.69%(2809/5044)、60.41%(4053/6709),病损以轻度为主;成人氟骨症X线总检出率、Ⅱ度临床检出率分别为44.64%(167/1241)、38.94%(3883/9973).儿童和成人尿氟平均水平分别为1.88、2.78 mg/L,超出正常范围.儿童尿氟各年龄组间差别不大,而成人尿氟高年龄段高于低年龄段.尿氟水平与氟骨症间呈正相关(r=0.74).农区、牧区和半农半牧区氟骨症临床检出率分别为31.70%(1369/4318)、50.04%(1228/2454)、40.17%(1286/3201).以牧区最高.氟骨症X线检出率男性49.57%(229/462)]高于女性41.72%(325/779)],性别比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=11.72,P＜0.05).结论 四川省调查区饮茶型氟中毒流行严重.

Analytical surveys for epidemiological prevalence of fluorosis of brick-tea type in Sichuan Province in 2006

Objective To find out the status of brick-tea type fluorosis in the epidemic areas.Methods Based on "Scheme for Epidemiological Brick-tea Type Fluorosis in Sichuan Province",ten counties were selected in Sichuan brick-tea areas and ten towns were selected in every county,then the epidemicologic survey was performed in children of 8～12 year-old and adults aged above 20 years old.Results 5044 children and 4053 adults were selected from brick-tea areas.The rates of dental fluorosis in children and adults were 55.69%(2809/5044)and 60.41%(4053/6709)respectively.The dental fluorosis was mainly of mild damage.The skeletal fluorosis found in X-ray film was 44.64%(167/1241)and in clinical examination,38.94%(3883/9973).The levels of urine fluoride in children and adults were 1.88 and 2.78 mg/L.The level of urine fluoride was not differenet among children of different age,but in adults it was higher in the elder than the younger.The level of fluoride in urine was related to the severeness of skeletal fluorosis(r=0.74).The detective rates of skeletal fluorosis in agricuIture,pasturing,and agriculture-pasturing areaswere 31.70%(1369/4318),50.04%(1228/2454),and 40.17%(1286/3201),respectively.The X-ray detecting rates of skeletal fluorosis in men and wonlen were 49.57%(229/462)and 41.72%(325/779) respectively(χ2=11.72,P＜0.05).Conclusion The prevalence of brick-tea type fluorosis is very serious in the regions studied.