抗体依赖增强效应发生机制研究进展

在各类病原体特别是病毒的感染中,抗体依赖增强效应(Antibody-dependent enhancement,ADE)可使原有的感染加重,引起严重疾病。研究发现多种病原体的感染过程中均有抗体依赖增强效应ADE现象,且可能存在不同的发生机制。随着抗体依赖增强效应ADE现象产生机制研究的不断深入,有助于相应病原体疫苗的改造,从而使疫苗效用最大化,对控制包括寨卡病毒在内的病原体的感染将提供巨大帮助。本文就近年来抗体依赖增强效应ADE发生机制的研究进展进行综述,包括Fc段受体依赖、补体系统介导、非中和抗体介导、病毒表面蛋白介导及细胞活动介导的抗体依赖增强效应ADE机制,同时以登革病毒、人类免疫缺陷病毒、柯萨奇病毒、埃博拉病毒、寨卡病毒及其他病原体为例进行分类介绍。

Research progress on mechanism of antibody-dependent enhancement

In many pathogens infection,especially virus,antibody-dependent enhancement(ADE) can aggravate the infection and lead to severe diseases.In this immunopathological phenomenon,virus-specific antibodies enhance the entry of virus into monocytes,macrophages and granulocytic cells and even the replication of virus through different mechanism.This phenomenon has been reported in numerous pathogens including virus,bacteria and parasite and the mechanisms of ADE vary from different species.Further study of ADE can promote the vaccine research and development to make the most use of vaccine and prevent human body from pathogens,which will be helpful to control the spread of pathogens including Zika virus.In the present review,we review the research progress of ADE mechanism in recent years,including antibodies mediating,receptors mediating,complement mediating,viral proteins mediating and cellular mediating ADE.In addition,dengue virus,human immunodeficiency virus,Coxsackie virus,Ebola virus,Zika virus and other pathogens will be illustrated respectively.This review provides insights on the different mechanism of ADE in different pathogens.