痴呆知晓率与态度的社区调查

目的调查分析上海中心城拯居民对痴呆的知晓率和态度。方法对上海中心城区社区内1806户常住居民进行自编问卷调查，内容包括被调查者的人口特征与10个选择性问题以了解对痴呆的认知和态度其中5题列举痴呆早期症状供识别，另外，对“老了应该糊涂”是否认同、家人患痴呆的顾忌态度、对痴呆疗效的看法、治疗机构的选择等各有1题。结果共回收1568份问卷，其中有效问卷1531份，认同“老了应该糊涂”者占45．1％，对痴呆早期症状的正确识别率范围为28．6％～40．6％，亲属若患痴呆，认为不必要顾忌者仅占43．1％。45．1％的被调查者不了解药物治疗可帮助痴呆患者，52．9％会选择老年精神科作为痴呆的治疗机构。分层分析提示，女性、小学与大学文化程度者、老年人更认同“老了应该糊涂”概念，对痴呆有顾忌者的比率，以文化程度分组从高到低排序是：初中组（69．7％）〉高中组（50．7％）〉小学组（41．3％）〉大学组（25．2％）；以年龄分组排序是：成年组（59．8％）〉老年组（37．3％）〉青年组（30．2％）。组间比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。对痴呆早期症状的识别率，女性高于男性，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。以文化程度分组从高到低识别率排序是：大学组〉小学组〉高中组〉初中组；以年龄分组排序是：老年组〉青年组〉成年组，组间比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论上海中心城区居民对痴呆的早期症状的知晓率较低，存在明显的偏见与歧视。

Survey on awareness and attitude related to senile dementia in the Shanghai community

Objective To investigate the awareness and attitude related to dementia among residents living in the central city of Shanghai. Methods A survey which 1806 families were randomly selected from four residents＇ committee was conducted in the downtown areas of Shanghai. A questionnaire was compiled before the investigation. It included demographic characteristics of the respondent （gender, age, education） and 10 questions. Among them, 5 are related to awareness of the early symptoms of dementia; 1 asked about if the respondents agreed on ＂elderly means be demented, more or less＂; 1 asked if they felt shame if the close relatives be demented; others were asking the knowledge on the dementia＇ medical institutes or prognosis and so on. Results 1568 questionnaires returned. 37 uncompleted were screened out. Totally 1 531 questionnaires went into statistical analysis. Among them, 45.1% agreed that ＂elderly means be demented, more or less＂. 28.6%-40.6% knew the common symptoms of mild dementia. Only 43.1% thought that they didn＇t feel shame when their relatives suffered from dementia. 45.1% didn＇t know medicine could help demented people. 52.9%wouldconsultpsycho- geriatrist for dementia treatment. Further analyses showed that female, people with education less than middle school level or more than high middle school level, the elderly were more likely to agree on the idea ＂elderly means be demented, more or less＂. People with junior middle school education were more likely to feel shame on the relatives＇ dementia （69.7%）, compared to those with high middle school education, primary education and college or university education were less （50.7%, 41.3%, 25.2%, respectively）. Despondences with age 36-65 were more likely to feel shame on the relatives＇ dementia （59.8%）, compare to those with age above 65 （37.3%） or with age 18-35 （30.2%）. The rate of correct on the mild dementia symptoms was higher in female than male; in respondences with the college education than those with primary education, middle school education; in the elderly than the youth. Conclusions Although dementia is a well-know word in downtown communities in Shanghai, the awareness about this disease is low. Misunderstanding and discrimination are quite common in public.