婴幼儿哮喘患儿潮气呼吸肺功能改变的特征

目的观察婴幼儿哮喘患儿在发作期与缓解期的潮气呼吸流速——容量曲线测定结果。方法选择婴幼儿哮喘患儿40例，于镇静后进行潮气呼吸流速容量曲线测定（TBFV）。主要参数有：每公斤潮气量（VT／kg）、呼吸频率（RR）、吸气时间（Ti）、呼气时间（Te）、吸呼比（Ti／Te）、达峰时间比（TPTEF／TE）、达峰容积比（VPEF／VE），并对30例哮喘患儿经正规吸入治疗1～3月的缓解期进行复查。观察其改善情况。同时对40例无呼吸道疾病的婴幼儿进行肺功能检测，作为正常对照。结果哮喘组的潮气量与正常对照组无显著差异，其他各指标差异均有显著性（P〈0．01）。哮喘组经1～3月治疗后，复查TPEF／TE，VPEF／VE显著上升，但与对照组仍有显著差异，未能恢复正常水平。结论潮气呼吸肺功能测定能反映出婴幼儿哮喘的病理生理特点，可成为呼吸系统疾病诊断的重要补充。

Characterisitcs of change of tidal flow-volume measures among asthma infants

Objective To observe the results of tidal flow-volume measurement in infants with asthma and to discuss the changing rules of the tidal flow volumes during the stage of exacerbation and relieving. Methods Tidal flow Volumes were measured into 40 cases of asthma after the patients were sedated. The following indices were recorded:Tidal volume per kilogram (VT/kg), respiratory rate (RR), inspiratory time (Ti), expiratory (Te), Ti/Te,the ratio of time taken to reach peak expiratory flow to total expiratory time (TPEF/TE), the ratio of peak expiratory volume to total expiratory volume (VPEF/VE). After regular treatment for infants with asthma for one to three months, 30 cases of asthma were rechecked and observed on their improvement. And at the same time, 40 normal infants were checked for comparison. Results VT/kg was not significantly different between asthmatic and normal infants, but the other indices were significantly different between them (P<0.01) after treatment. The TPTEF/TE, VPEF/VE in the asthma group improved after the treatment, however, the TPEF/TE and VPEF/VE were still lower than those in healthy infants. Conclusion The results suggest that TFV could be used to reveal the characteristics of infants with asthma and used as important supplement index for clinical diagnosis of respiratory diseases.