2014—2020年上海口岸出入境人群肺结核监测结果分析

目的 了解近年来上海口岸出入境人员肺结核筛查情况,为防止肺结核通过口岸跨境传播寻找对策。 方法 收集2014 年1月至2020年12月所有于上海口岸办理出入境体检人员的肺结核筛查数据,通过询问病史、进行体格检查和胸部X线摄影,筛查疑似肺结核患者,对疑似肺结核患者进行痰液细菌学检测确定诊断。对各年度出入境人员肺结核检出率、性别分布、年龄分布等指标进行分析。 结果 2014—2020年上海口岸出入境人员共有539397名,共检出肺结核患者795例,总检出率为147.39/10万。从年份来看,2016年检出率最高(319.89/10万;268例),2020年最低(20.45/10万;8例);从区域分布来看,东亚地区检出的肺结核患者例数最多(575例,72.33%),拉丁美洲最少(4例,0.50%);从性别分布来看,男性(479例,60.25%)多于女性(316例,39.75%),男女性别比为1.52:1;从年龄分布来看,≥60岁人群肺结核患者最多(246例,30.94%),50~59岁人群肺结核患者最少(107例,13.46%)。 结论 应加强对口岸重点人群的肺结核监测,尤其是东亚地区、年龄≥60岁及男性人群,需进一步加强后续监管,预防和控制肺结核的传播。

Analysis of pulmonary tuberculosis surveillance results of entry-exit population at Shanghai port from 2014 to 2020

Objective To understand the screening results of tuberculosis among entry-exit applicants at Shanghai ports, and to find solutions for preventing cross-border transmission of tuberculosis through ports. Methods We collected data of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) screening which were performed on each entry or exit applicant at Shanghai port between January 2014 and December 2020. Presumptive tuberculosis patients were identified through medical history query, physical examination and chest X-ray examination. Subsequently, sputum bacteriological tests were performed to confirm the diagnosis. PTB positive rate and sex and age distributions of PTB patients were analyzed. Results A total of 539397 individuals were screened for PTB at Shanghai port from 2014 to 2020, among which 795 cases were detected, with a detection rate of 147.39/100000, highest in 2016 (319.89/100000,268 cases) and lowest in 2020 (20.45/100000,8 cases). Most tuberculosis patients came from East Asia countries (575 cases, accounting for 72.33%), while Latin America countries occupied the least share (4 cases, accounting for 0.50%). There were more males (479 cases, accounting for 60.25%) than females (316 cases, accounting for 39.75%). The male-female ratio was 1.52:1. For different age groups, patients aged ≥60 years old (246 cases, 30.94%) accounted for the most, while those aged 50-59 years old (107 cases, 13.46%) accounted for the least. Conclusion PTB surveillance should be strengthened in high-risk populations at Shanghai port, especially for male,elderly people(≥60 years) and people from East Asia. Also subsequent supervision should be strengthened to prevent and control the transmission of PTB.