新疆维吾尔自治区2010—2011年结核病流行病学抽样调查结果分析

目的 了解新疆维吾尔自治区（简称“新疆”）结核病流行状况，评价我区结核病防治工作规划实施现状，科学制定下一阶段全区结核病防治规划。方法 严格依照《全国第五次结核病流行病学抽样调查实施细则》要求，采取分层整群等比例抽样方法，全区共抽取22个结核病流行病学抽样调查（简称“流调”）点，其中城市流调点6个，城镇流调点7个，乡村流调点9个。抽样人口与全疆人口之比为1∶417。共抽样52361名，应检31081名，实检29834名，受检率95.99%，符合流调要求。结果 新疆15岁以上人口标化活动性肺结核患病率1526.12/10万，标化涂阳患病率196.41/10万，标化菌阳患病率433.44/10万。男性患病率（1673.72/10万）显著高于女性（1372.70/10万）（χ²＝15.89，P<0.001）。乡村标化患病率1817.32/10万，城镇标化患病率1727.62/10万，城市标化患病率600.80/10万，乡村高于城市（χ²＝32.77，P<0.001）；南疆地区标化患病率1919.77/10万，北疆地区标化患病率1043.24/10万，东疆地区标化患病率720.90/10万，南疆地区高于北疆和东疆地区(χ²＝41.56,35.93，P值均＜0.001）；维吾尔族标化患病率1964.26/10万，其他少数民族标化患病率1244.11/10万，汉族标化患病率612.38/10万，维吾尔族明显高于其他少数民族和汉族（χ²＝29.64，83.29，P值均＜0.001）。公众结核病防治知识总知晓率仅为47.60%（70998/149170）。结论 新疆结核病疫情依然很严重，农村疫情高于城镇，维吾尔族患病率高于其他少数民族和汉族，公众结核病防治知识知晓率有待提高。

Analysis of tuberculosis epidemiological survey conducted in 2010—2011 in Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region

Objective To understand the tuberculosis （TB） epidemic situation, to evaluate the implementation of Xinjiang TB control programme, and to develop scientific TB control programme. Methods According to the implementation regulation of 5th national TB epidemiology survey, totally 22 TB epidemiology survey points （survey point） were selected by stratified cluster sampling method. Of the 22 survey points, 6 located in urban area, 7 in town and 9 in rural area. The ratio of sample population to the whole population in Xinjiang was 1∶417. Overall 52 361 people were selected, among which 31 081 should be investigated and 29 834 were actually investigated, the investigation rate was 95.99% which met the requirement of epidemiology survey. Results The standardized pre-valence rate of active pulmonary tuberculosis （PTB） in the population above 15 years of age was 1526.12/100 000, standardized prevalence rate of smear positive PTB was 196.41/100 000, and 433.44/100 000 for bacteriologically positive. The prevalence in male （1673.72/100 000） was significantly higher than female （1372.70/100 000） （χ2=15.89, P〈0.001）. The standardized prevalence rate was 1817.32/100 000 in village area 1727.62/100 000 in town and 600.80/100 000 in urban area, and that in village area was much higher than urban area （χ2=32.77, P〈0.001）. The standardized prevalence rate was 1919.77/100 000 in southern Xinjiang, 1043.24/100 000 in northern Xinjiang and 720.90/100 000 in eastern Xinjiang, and that in southern Xinjiang was significantly higher than that in northern and eastern Xinjiang （χ2=41.56 and 35.93, both P〈0.001）. The standardized prevalence rate was 1964.26/100 000 in Uygur nationality and 1244.11/100 000 in other minority nationalities and 612.38/100 000 in Han nationality, that in Uygur was significantly higher than the other two （χ2=29.64 and 83.29, both P〈0.001）. The overall public awareness rate of TB was only 47.60%（70 998/149 170）. Conclusion The epidemic of TB is still serious in Xinjiang. The epidemic is higher in rural area than urban area, and is also higher in Uygur nationality than other minority and Han nationality, and the public awareness on TB needs to be improved.