抗甲状腺药物不良反应的再认识

抗甲状腺药物(ATD)是治疗甲状腺功能亢进症主要手段,其不良反应备受学者们关注.ATD常用药物为丙基硫氧嘧啶(PTU)和甲巯咪唑(MMI).总的来说,ATD治疗是安全且有效的,但其临床不良反应亦较常见,如对肝脏、血液系统的毒性作用、抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体相关性肺小血管炎、低血糖、变态反应、肌肉损伤等,一般程度较轻,如能及时停用ATD则能够自行恢复,但亦可出现少见、严重的副作用,可能存在潜在致命的危险,故需引起临床医生的重视.MMI与PTU比较,其不良反应显著低于PTU,且前者大多具有剂量依赖性,后者与药物的剂量无显著相关.此外,PTU的肝毒性强于MMI,甚至可能发生致命性肝损伤和肝衰竭,在儿童甲亢治疗中推荐首选MMI.

Abstract：

Antithyroid drugs(ATD)is the main treatment for hyperthyroidism and its adverse reactions have been much concerned by physicians. Methimazole(MMI)and propylthiouracil(PTU)are the two common antitithyroid drugs used currently. Generally, the ATD are safe and effective, though their clinical adverse reactions are also relatively common. The toxic effects include liver damage and leukocytopenia, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated pulmonary small-vessel vasculitis, hypoglycemia, allergic reactions, muscle impairment,and so on. They are usually reversible and disappear spontaneously when the drug is discontinued. However,the serious rare side effects can also occur and there may have potentially deadly threatening effects which need to be cautious for the clinicians. MMI is usually preferred over PTU because it has significantly fewer side effects. And unlike the dose-dependent side effects of MMI, there has no significant correlation between adverse reaction and drug dosage in using PTU. Moreover, PTU has more severe hepatotoxity than MMI, even fatal liver impairment and liver failure. The risk of liver damage from PTU is an important concern, particularly in children. For this reason, MMI is the first choice for treating children with hyperthyroidism.

Update on the side effects of antithyroid drugs

Antithyroid drugs(ATD)is the main treatment for hyperthyroidism and its adverse reactions have been much concerned by physicians. Methimazole(MMI)and propylthiouracil(PTU)are the two common antitithyroid drugs used currently. Generally, the ATD are safe and effective, though their clinical adverse reactions are also relatively common. The toxic effects include liver damage and leukocytopenia, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated pulmonary small-vessel vasculitis, hypoglycemia, allergic reactions, muscle impairment,and so on. They are usually reversible and disappear spontaneously when the drug is discontinued. However,the serious rare side effects can also occur and there may have potentially deadly threatening effects which need to be cautious for the clinicians. MMI is usually preferred over PTU because it has significantly fewer side effects. And unlike the dose-dependent side effects of MMI, there has no significant correlation between adverse reaction and drug dosage in using PTU. Moreover, PTU has more severe hepatotoxity than MMI, even fatal liver impairment and liver failure. The risk of liver damage from PTU is an important concern, particularly in children. For this reason, MMI is the first choice for treating children with hyperthyroidism.