应用正丁基-2-氰丙烯酸盐经门静脉硬化治疗胃底静脉曲张

目的 探讨应用正丁基-2-氰丙烯酸盐(NBCA)经门静脉硬化治疗胃底静脉曲张(GFV)的临床疗效及安全性. 方法经胃镜确诊为GFV的21例门静脉高压症患者接受了经门静脉硬化治疗,所有患者采取经皮经肝或经脾穿刺门静脉造影及供血静脉造影,然后用微导管插管到曲张静脉内,注入硬化剂NBCA和碘化油混合乳剂(NBCA LP).对8例伴有高流量胃肾分流者,治疗前经股静脉、左肾静脉放置阻塞球囊导管于分流道,治疗时扩张球囊阻塞分流道.随访评价包括血清肝功能指标变化、内镜复查及再出血情况. 结果 20例GFV成功进行硬化治疗(95.2%);未成功的1例,为高流量胃肾分流者,术中因未有阻塞球囊导管,未能进行治疗.5例少量NBCA-LP进入到肺动脉,2例出现一过性刺激性咳嗽,2例发生门静脉分支栓塞.术后6个月,血清ALT、白蛋白、凝血酶原时间明显改善,血清总胆红素变化不明显.15例患者3个月胃镜复查,GFV消失10例,好转4例,有效率93.3%(14/15),3例食管静脉曲张较术前加重(20.0%).平均随访(16.7±8.8)个月,再出血4例,1年累积再出血率为9.52%.结论 应用NBCA经门静脉硬化治疗是控制GFV破裂出血的安全有效方法,微导管技术、球囊逆行阻塞胃肾分流道技术是提高疗效、防止肺栓塞的关键.

Transportal variceal sclerotherapy with n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate for gastric fundal varices

Objective To evaluate the technique, safety and clinical efficacy oftransportal variceal sclerotherapy with n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA) for gastric fundal varices. Methods Twenty-one pa-tients with gastric fundal varices confirmed by endoscopy were enrolled in this study. The causes of the gastric varices were cirrhosis caused by hepatitis virus B or C (n = 16) and hepatocellular carcinoma with portal venous obstruction (n = 5). Percutaneous transhepatic or transplenic portography were performed on all 21 patients. The gastric varices were treated with NBCA-lipiodol mixture injected via a microcatheter introduced into the varices. For 8 patients who had large gastrorenal shunts (GRS), a balloon-occluded cath-eter was introduced into the GRS via the right femoral and left renal veins before injecting the NBCA-lipiodol. During the NBCA-lipiodol injection, the balloon was inflated to block the flow of GRS. Follow-up evaluations included findings of the laboratory liver function tests, upper intestinal endoscopies, and the occurrences ofrebleeding. Results In 20 patients (95.2%), the gastric varices were successfully obliterated with 2-8 ml of NBCA-lipiodol. In one patient with a large GRS, sclerotherapy was not successfully per-formed because a balloon-occluded catheter was not available during the procedure. In five patients, small amounts of NBCA-lipiodol entered into the distal pulmonary artery branches. Two of them suffered from transient irritable coughs;no patient developed severe pulmonary embolism. Embolization of portal venous branches occurred in two patients, which were not treated specifically. In comparison with the findings before the treatments, the serum alanine aminotransferase levels decreased at both 3 and 6 months after treatments (P < 0.05);serum albumin levels increased at 6 months (P < 0.05);the prothrombin times de-creased at 6 months (P< 0.05);but no significant changes were seen in the serum bilirubin levels. Fifteen patients were followed-up endoscopically for 3 months after the treatment. Gastric varices were completely resolved in 10 patients (66.7%) and were markedly smaller in 4 patients (26.6%). Worsening of the esoph-ageal varices occurred in 3 patients (20%). All the patients were followed-up from 1 to 30 months (16.7±8.8) months]. Rebleeding was observed in 4 patients, and the cumulative rebleeding rate at 1 year was 9.52%.Conclusion Trausportal variceal sclerotherapy with NBCA is a safe and effective method for treating gastric varices. Microcatheter technique and occlusion of the large gastrorenal shunt with a balloon-occluded cath-eter are necessary to ensure obliteration of gastric varices and prevent pulmonary embolism.