早期溶栓治疗终止急性心肌梗死的探讨

目的探讨早期溶栓治疗终止急性心肌梗死（AMI）发生的频率及其临床特点。方法以给栓溶剂后2h内胸痛基本消失,抬高的ST段降低／〉50％;肌酸激酶同工酶（CK—MB）升高但峰值≤正常高限的2倍,作为终止AMI的定义。将接受溶栓治疗的1120例AMI患者分为真正AMI与终止AMI进行对照分析,观察溶栓开始时间与AMI终止率的关系等临床特点。结果溶栓治疗后血管开通率为80．5％;7．1％达AMI终止标准。起病1h开始溶栓者中AMI终止率为22．0％,明显高于其他各时间段（P〈0．01）;终止率在尿激酶（UK）组为7．0％,链激酶（SK）组为6．7％,重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（n．PAt）为7．1％,组间比较无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;AMI终止组的急性期Killip Ⅲ／Ⅳ、恶性心律失常、心绞痛发生率、30天病死率分别是3．9％、18．0％、1．3％、0;低于真正AMI组的17．1％、30．0％、8．0％、6．0％（P〈0．01）。结论早期溶栓可终止少数AMI发生并改善预后,AMI终止的发生与起病至溶栓开始的时间相关,与溶栓药物的种类无关。

Study on early fibrinolytic therapy to avoid acute myocardial infarction

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the frequency of aborted AMI and clinical characteristics of the patients received prompt fibrinolytic therapy. METHODS: 1120 patients with AMI were divided into two groups, true AMI group and aborted AMI group. Aborted AMI was defined as maximal creatine kinase-MB < or = 2 x upper limit of normal coupled with the presence of resolution of chest pain and 50% of ST-segment deviation within 2 hours after onset of therapy. We compared some characteristic of two groups such as the fibrinolytic time after symptom onset and the frequency of aborted AMI. RESULTS: The reopening ratio of infarct was 80.5%. 7.1% of the patients escaped myocardial necrosis. Aborted AMI was highest frequency within the first hour (22.0%) than other time groups (P < 0.01); There were no significant differences in the frequency of Aborted AMI in UK group, SK group and rt-PA group (7.0%, 6.7%, 7.1%, P > 0.05); The rate of Killip III/IV, major arrhythmias, angina pectoris and mortality at 30 day in aborted AMI patients compared with those who had true AMI was 3.9% versus 17.1%, 18.0% versus 30.0%, 1.3% versus 8.0%, 0 versus 6.0%, respectively (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Prompt fibrinolytic therapy improved the likehood of aborted AMI and clinical outcomes. The frequency of aborted AMI has no relationship with fibrinolytic drug, but closely related to the starting time of treatment from symptom onset.