内生真菌JJ18接种江滩土壤灭螺实验研究

金钱松内生真菌JJ18（Aspergillus）分别接种到固体培养基（A）、灭菌土壤（B）和未灭菌土壤（C）中，按照WHO的杀螺剂浸泡试验法观察各培养基浸出液的发酵产物对钉螺的杀灭作用，以及JJ18在土壤中的存活时间，并设不接种内生真菌JJ18的未灭菌空白土壤组（D）、去氯离子水阴性对照组（E）和氯硝柳胺阳性对照组（F）。采用WHO推荐的浸泡法，用卤虫（Artemia salina）模型观察其急性毒性，以人工海水为对照组，观察A～D组对卤虫的杀灭情况。结果显示，浸泡钉螺24、48、72 h，B组灭螺率分别为（36.67±7.56）%、 （63.33±4.65）%、 （90±0）%， 明显高于D组（30±6.87）%、 （33.33±5.68）%、 （56.67±8.55）% （P<0.05， P<0.01）。内生真菌JJ18在土壤中至少可存活30 d。B组对卤虫的杀虫率为（25.24±3.74）%， 显著低于A组（57.15±8.90）% （P<0.01）。

Molluscicidal Activity of Endophyte JJ18 from Pseudolarix kaempferi Inoculated to Beach Soil

Endophyte JJ18 from Pseudolarix kaempferi was inoculated on solid medium （A）, sterile soil （B）, and non-sterile soil （C）, respectively. The molluscicidal efficacy of fermented products of soil extract was detected according to the immersion test method recommended by WHO, the survival time of JJ18 was observed. Control groups included non-sterile soil （D）, ionic water without chloride ion （E） and niclosamide （F）. The acute toxicity of A-D group against Artemia salina was determined with artificial seawater as control. After immersing for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, the snail mortality of group B ［（36.67±7.56）%, （63.33±4.65）%, and （90±0）%］ was significantly higher than those of group D ［（30±6.87）%, （33.33±5.68）%, and （56.67±8.55）%］ （P<0.05, P<0.01）. Endophyte JJ18 survived in soil for at least 30 days. The mortality of Artemia salina in group B ［（25.24±3.74）%］ was significantly lower than that of group A［（57.15±8.90）%］ （P<0.01）.