广东省支气管哮喘流行病学调查分析

目的调查１９９９年广东省人群哮喘病现患率，探讨哮喘病的危险因素，为哮喘人群防治提供依据。方法以随机、分层、不等比、整群抽样方法，在广州市、北部丘陵地区韶关、东部沿海地区汕头、西部农村地区湛江、南部特区城市深圳和中部珠江三角洲中小城市佛山共抽样调查７１ ８６７名。结果全省总人口患病率为０．９４％，男女比为１．３８：１；儿童为０．７３％，成人为０．９９％，其中三个高发年龄段为学龄前儿童、青年和老年；城市人口患病率高于农村；广州老城区高于新城区；危险因素调查发现，４６％的患者家庭饲养宠物（猫、狗、家禽、鸟类），其中养猫（４３．１％）和兼养猫狗（１８．６％）者高达６１．７％；经常被动吸烟者达５４．７％；合并过敏性鼻炎者达３８．２％，因变天或吸入冷空气发病者达４１．６％。结论本次调查基本代表了广东省哮喘病的流行情况，以此估算全省患者约６７万人；有关资料为今后群防群治和相关研究提供了依据。

Epidemiological survey and analysis on bronchial asthma in Guangdong province

OBJECTIVE: To survey asthma prevalence and risk factors of asthma in Guangdong and then to provide a basic consideration for research and preventive and therapeutic poliaes for control of asthma. METHODS: Using uniform scheme, procedures and questionnaire, performing stratified-cluster-disproportional-random-sampling survey for the population in six areas: Santou, Shenzhen, Zhanjiang, Shaoguan, Fushan and Guangzhou; quantitative sample the prevalence rate quantitated is 1.5% (P = 0.015, q = 0.985), a sampling number stratified = 178 x 0.985/0.015 = 11,689, if the whole province were stratified into six areas, a total of 70,134 persons were supposed to be investigated, in this survey 71,867 subjects were actually examined; all the original data were inputted into soft discs in the same form of data base structure variable definition table, and then were statistically analyzed with spas 8.0 for windows on P III/450 computer, all the prevalence rates were compared by chi 2 test. RESULTS: In this survey 676 asthmatics were found, the overall prevalence rate was 0.94%, the ratio of male to female was 1.38:1; the rate of adults was 0.99% and that of children was 0.73%, three groups with higher prevalence were children of preschool period (age < 7 years, 1.03%), young period (age 18-25 years, 1.00%) and senile period (age 66-75 years, 2.99%); the rate of city (Fushan, 1.38%) was higher than that of rural area (Zhanjiang, 0.47%); the rate of old district (1.70%) was higher than that of the new district (0.23%) in Guangzhou and the rate of historic city (Fushan, 1.38%) was higher than that of the newly developed city (Shenzhen, 0.64%); risk factors found among 676 asthmatics, persons keeping pets (cat, dog, fowl, bird) in home were reported by 46.0% (311/676), those keeping cat was 43.1% (134/311), particularly those keeping cat and both cat and dog accounted for 61.7% (192/311). Persons often exposed to side-stream smoke were reported by 54.7%. Asthmatics with allergic rhinititis were reported by 38.2%. The attack contributed to change temperature or to inhale cold air was 41.6% respectively. CONCLUSION: This survey had basically reflected the distribution, Frequency and intensity of asthma, the overall prevalence rate was 0.94% from which it would be estimated that there could be 670,000 asthmatics in Guangdong; the relative data will provide basis for research work concerned and mass prevention and treatment of asthma.