厦门5～17岁儿童和青少年瞳距、眼球突出度、眶距正常值及发育规律

目的　了解我国现代儿童和青少年眼球突出度、瞳距及眶距的发育规律及相互关系 ,为制定儿童和青少年矫治眼镜的标准提供活体参数。方法　采用随机整群抽样调查 ,对厦门 5～ 17岁的儿童和青少年进行随机整群抽样。利用游标卡尺、眼球突出计对其瞳距、眶距及眼球突出度进行活体测量。结果　眼球突出度为 (14 48± 1 71)mm ,5～ 8岁儿童的眼球突出度随年龄的增加而增大 ,9～ 17岁眼球突出度值变化趋于平稳 ;眶距为 (95 5 5± 5 32 )mm ,瞳距为 (5 6 99± 3 93)mm ,两者各年龄组的平均值男性大于女性 ,其随年龄的增加而增大 ,增长趋势呈阶段性。眶距及瞳距增长具有相关性 (r=0 9942 )。结论　儿童和青少年的眼部发育只有一个生长突增期 ,即 8岁前 ,而无第 2次生理突增期及性别交叉 ,其生长规律符合神经系统的生长发育模式。

The measurement of normal values of exophthalmos, interpupillary distance and interorbital distance of children and adolescence in Xiamen and the rule of their development

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the developing rhythm of children and adolescent exophthalmos, interorbital distance (IOD) and interpupillary distance (IPD) and their mutual relationships. The study will provide biometry data for formulating juvenile criteria of correcting spectacles. METHODS: Random sampling was performed among children and adolescence aged 5 - 17 years in Xiamen. Adopting epidemic survey, we measured the biometry values of IOD, IPD and exophthalmos with a sliding gauge and exophthalmometer. RESULTS: The average value of exophthalmos was (14.48 +/- 1.71) mm. For the 5 - 8 years old children, the value of exophthalmos trended to increase with the increase of age, meanwhile the value of exophthalmos of adolescence aged 9 - 17 years old tended to be stabilized. The average value of IOD was (95.55 +/- 5.32) mm and the average value of IPD was (56.99 +/- 3.93) mm. Both the values of the IOD and IPD of the male were higher than that of the female. The results of the IOD and IDP distance increased with the increase of age and it trended to be periodic. There was positive correlation between the development of IOD and that of IPD, and it could be described by a linear equation. CONCLUSIONS: There is only one rush-increase stage of ocular development which is before the 8 years old in children. The rule of its development is in accordance with the growing and developing mode of neurological system.