重庆市南岸区部分人群盲患病率调查

目的调查重庆市南岸区部分50岁及以上人口低视力与盲患病率及盲原因，探讨防盲治盲工作的成效及盲和视力损伤的变化。方法2005年4至7月，采用整体随机抽样法，对重庆市南岸区29个基本抽样单位内50岁及以上人群进行视力及眼部检查。受检人数5079人，受检率89．4％。在正式调查前两个检查组均经过一致性重复检验。结果以世界卫生组织视力损伤标准为依据，受检人群的盲患病率为1．8％。年龄越大，盲患病率越高，80岁及以上高龄老人更明显。白内障盲仍为第1位，但白内障盲患病率由40．0％显著下降为31．6％；眼底病上升为第2位盲原因；以后依次为屈光不正、角膜病、青光眼等。结论重庆市南岸区部分人群盲原因以白内障为首位，眼底病其次。因白内障所致的盲患病率有所下降，以白内障手术为主的防盲工作开展初见成效，建议加大对年龄相关性眼病、眼底病及青光眼的防治工作。

The survey of prevalence of blindness in Nan'an District of Chongqing

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of blindness and low vision, their changes and the main causes of blindness in persons aged 50 years and above in Nan'an District in Chongqing. METHODS: This survey was conducted from April to July, 2005. By cluster random sampling, 29 clusters were selected and 5079 persons received the eye examination. The response rate was 89.4%. A quality assurance evaluation had performed in two examination teams before the survey. RESULTS: In this population, the prevalence of blindness was 1.8% based on the pinhole visual acuity. The prevalence of blindness was higher in older persons, especially in persons aged eighty or above. Cataract was the leading cause of blindness, but the proportion of cataract-caused blindness decreased from 40.0% to 31.6%. Retinal diseases was the second important cause of blindness, followed by refraction error, cornea disease and glaucoma. CONCLUSIONS: Cataract is the leading cause of blindness in Nan'an District of Chongqing, followed by retinal diseases. The decrease of cataract-caused blindness indicates that the prevention of blindness, mainly through the performance of cataract surgery, has gained successful. It is important on the prevention of the age-related eye diseases, retinal diseases and glaucoma.