新鲜羊膜移植治疗严重的急性炎症期及瘢痕期眼表疾病的临床研究

目的　探讨新鲜羊膜移植治疗严重的急性炎症期和瘢痕期眼表疾病的可行性并对其疗效进行评价。方法　选择本院急性化学伤、热烧伤共 5例 (6只眼 ) ,复发性蚕蚀性角膜溃疡 8例 (8只眼 ) ,各种原因导致的大面积睑球粘连 42例 (49只眼 ) ,共计 5 5例 (6 3只眼 )临床连续住院患者 ,分别行单纯新鲜羊膜移植术 38例 (46只眼 ) ,羊膜移植联合板层角膜移植术 8例 (8只眼 ) ,羊膜移植联合角膜缘移植术 9例 (9只眼 )。术后均经印迹细胞学追踪观察移植后羊膜上皮细胞存活的时间。术后随访观察 6～ 18个月 ,平均 11个月。结果　 5 5例术后临床上均未见新鲜羊膜植片急性排斥反应。严重急性眼烧伤的 6只眼中 ,术后 5只眼无角结膜进行性溶解和穿孔 ,无新生血管和假性胬肉侵入角膜表面 ,虹膜亦未见萎缩 ,视力有不同程度的提高。复发性蚕蚀性角膜溃疡 8只眼术后未见复发。严重睑球粘连 49只眼中 ,46只眼恢复了眼球的运动功能 ,3只眼术后 3个月再次发生睑球粘连。泪液分泌功能基本正常者羊膜上皮细胞移植后可存活约 3个月。结论　新鲜羊膜移植可有效地用于重建角结膜表面 ,减轻炎性反应 ,减少新生血管的生成 ,抑制纤维组织增生 ,同时可用于防止蚕蚀性角膜溃疡的复发。充分清除眼表的病变组织和羊膜移植片的缝合固定 ,对羊膜

A clinical study on fresh amniotic membrane transplantation for treatment of severe ocular surface disorders at acute inflammatory and cicatricial stage

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the safety and evaluate the effect of fresh amniotic membrane transplantation to reconstruct the ocular surface with severe inflammation and scarring. METHOD: Amniotic membrane transplantation (38 cases, 46 eyes), or combined with either limbal transplantation (9 cases, 9 eyes) or lamellar keratoplasty (8 cases, 8 eyes) was performed on ocular surface burns (5 cases, 6 eyes), recurrent Mooren's ulcer (8 cases, 8 eyes) and severe symblepharon (38 cases, 46 eyes). All the patients were followed-up for 6 - 18 months (mean, 11 months). Impression cytology was examined in 21 eyes with normal tear secretion post-operatively. RESULTS: No acute rejection was observed after fresh amniotic membrane transplantation. No progressive melt and perforation were seen in five out of six eyes with burns in reconstructed ocular surfaces. Neovascularization, pseudopterygium and iris atrophy were not found during the follow-up. Visual acuity was improved in various degrees. Corneal ulceration was not noted in 8 cases (8 eyes) with frequently recurrent Mooren's ulcer. Ocular surface reconstruction was successful in 46 of 49 eyes with severe symblepharon. Symblepharon occurred in the remaining three eyes but much less than pre-transplantation in degree. Amniotic epithelia have been examined in about three months on the transplanted eyes with normal tear secretion. CONCLUSION: Fresh amniotic membrane can be used as a graft to reconstruct ocular surface. Such transplantation can effectively reduce neovascularization, fibrosis and inflammation. Our data indicated that complete removal of pathological tissues and perfect fixation of amniotic membrane graft are crucial steps in the reconstruction of ocular surface.