Etiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of neovascular glaucoma |
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Authors: | Dan Calugaru and Mihai Calugaru |
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Institution: | Department of Ophthalmology, University of Medicine, Cluj-Napoca 400467, Romania and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Medicine, Cluj-Napoca 400467, Romania |
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Abstract: | Neovascular glaucoma is defined as iris and/or anterior chamber angle neovascularization associated with increased intraocular pressure. It is a secondary glaucoma that is most frequently caused by severe retinal ischemia. The most common diseases responsible for the development of neovascular glaucoma are diabetic retinopathy, ischemic central retinal vein occlusion, and ocular ischemic syndrome. Uncommon causes include ocular radiation, ocular tumors, uveitis and other miscellaneous conditions. Vascular endothelial growth factor is an important and likely predominant agent involved in the pathogenesis of intraocular neovascularization and neovascular glaucoma. The evolution of clinical and histopathological changes from predisposing conditions to the occurrence of rubeosis iridis and neovascular glaucoma is divided into four stages: prerubeosis, preglaucoma, open angle glaucoma, and angle-closure glaucoma. |
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Keywords: | neovascular glaucoma etiology pathogenesis diagnosis iris/angle neovascularization vascular endothelial growth factor |
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