Gender as an effect modifier in the relationship between hypertension and reticular pseudodrusen in patients with early or intermediate age-related macular degeneration |
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Authors: | Nathaniel Gelinas Anne M Lynch Marc T Mathias Alan G Palestine Naresh Mandav Karen L Christopher and Jennifer L Patnaik; University of Colorado Retina Research Group |
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Institution: | Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA |
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Abstract: | AIM: To determine whether the prevalence of treated hypertension is higher among males or females with early/intermediate (e/i) age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with and without bilateral reticular pseudodrusen (RPD).
METHODS: Retrospective review of the records of patients with e/iAMD who were recruited into the University of Colorado AMD registry between July 2014 and November 2019. Images were classified using the Beckman Initiative criteria and presence/absence of RPD. Patients were categorized into three groups: 1) e/iAMD with RPD; 2) e/iAMD without RPD; 3) control patients who did not have AMD. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used for adjusted analysis with odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI).
RESULTS: There were 260 patients with e/iAMD of which 101 had bilateral RPD and 159 had no RPD, and 221 controls. Overall, 62% of patients were female and the three groups did not differ by gender. When stratified by gender, the female e/iAMD/RPD group had a higher prevalence of hypertension, 64.1% vs 45.2% for controls, OR=2.2 (95%CI: 1.2-4.0). The frequency of hypertension in the e/iAMD/no RPD group was 54.1% and did not significantly differ from the control group. Among males, prevalence rates of treated hypertension did not differ. There is a significant interaction of hypertension and gender for the e/iAMD/RPD group such that women with e/iAMD who had RPD were significantly more likely to have hypertension (P=0.042). This relationship was not significant in the e/iAMD/no RPD group (P=0.269).
CONCLUSION: Among females treated hypertension is significantly higher among e/iAMD/RPD patients, whereas for males there is no significant association. |
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Keywords: | reticular pseudodrusen hypertension gender intermediate age-related macular degeneration |
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