视网膜类器官治疗视网膜退行性疾病的研究进展

视网膜退行性疾病是导致视力受损与失明的重要原因。目前，对于感光细胞大量丧失的疾病晚期阶段尚无有效的治疗方案。近年来，大量研究提供了感光细胞的移植替代治疗的新思路，而视网膜3D培养技术产生的视网膜类器官能够在体外产生移植所需的感光细胞及组织，为视网膜退行性疾病的移植替代治疗奠定了基础。本文通过综述视网膜3D培养技术以及感光细胞移植的发展，着重阐述视网膜类器官在视网膜退行性疾病移植替代治疗中的现有运用策略以及局限性，以期为视网膜3D培养技术在感光细胞替代治疗中的优化提供理论参考。

Progress of retinal organoids in treatment of retinal degenerative diseases

Retinal degeneration is the primary cause of visual impairment and blindness. However, in advanced stage of the disease, the majority or all photoreceptors are lost, effective therapeutics has not been established. In recent years, a large number of studies have provided new ways for the replacement of photoreceptors and three-dimensional retinal culture has emerged to produce retinal photoreceptors and tissues of both fetal mouse and human, providing the cell source of photoreceptors replacement therapy for treating retinal degenerative diseases. This review focuses on the development of three-dimensional retinal culture techniques and photoreceptors transplantation experiments, and the existing application strategies and limitations of retinal organoids in the replacement therapy of retinal degeneration, which provide a theoretical reference for the optimization of 3D retina in photoreceptors replacement therapy.