小切口囊外摘除术与超声乳化术治疗白内障疗效比较

目的：探究小切口囊外摘除术与超声乳化术对白内障患者角膜内皮细胞数目、黄斑区厚度及手术源性角膜散光的影响。

方法：回顾性研究。选取我院2019-05/2023-02收治的年龄相关性白内障患者296例296眼。根据手术方式分为小切口囊外摘除术组144眼与超声乳化术组152眼。比较两组患者术前，术后7d，1、3mo裸眼视力、最佳矫正视力、角膜内皮细胞数目、黄斑区厚度、手术源性角膜散光及术后并发症发生情况。

结果：小切口囊外摘除术组患者术后7d裸眼视力和最佳矫正视力均优于超声乳化术组，术后7d， 1、3mo角膜内皮细胞数目均高于超声乳化术组，术后7d， 1mo黄斑区厚度均低于超声乳化术组，术后角膜水肿发生率及总并发症发生率均低于超声乳化术组(均P<0.05)，但术后1、7d， 1、3mo手术源性角膜散光值与超声乳化术组比较均无差异(P>0.05)。

结论：相较于超声乳化术，小切口囊外摘除术术后角膜内皮细胞数目及黄斑区厚度变化较小，视力恢复更快，并发症减少。

Comparison of efficacy of small incision extracapsular excision or phacoemulsification in the treatment of cataract

AIM: To investigate the effects of small incision extracapsular excision and phacoemulsification on the number of corneal endothelial cells, macular thickness and surgically induced corneal astigmatism in cataract patients.

METHODS: Retrospective research. A total of 296 age-related cataract patients(296 eyes)admitted to our hospital from May 2019 to February 2023 were selected. They were divided into a small incision extracapsular excision group(144 eyes)and a phacoemulsification group(152 eyes)according to surgical method. The uncorrected visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity, numbers of corneal endothelial cells, macular thickness, surgically induced corneal astigmatism and postoperative complications between the two groups of patients at 7d, 1 and 3mo after surgery were compared.

RESULTS: The uncorrected visual acuity and best corrected visual acuity of patients in the small incision extracapsular excision group after 7d of surgery were better than those of the phacoemulsification group, the number of corneal endothelial cells after 7d and 1, 3mo of surgery were higher than that of the phacoemulsification group, the macular thickness after 7d and 1mo of surgery was lower than that of the phacoemulsification group, and the incidence rate of postoperative corneal edema and incidence rate of total complications were lower than those of the phacoemulsification group(all P<0.05). Furthermore, there was no statistical significance in the values of surgically induced corneal astigmatism after 1, 7d and 1, 3mo of surgery compared with phacoemulsification group(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: Compared with phacoemulsification, the changes in the number of corneal endothelial cells and thickness of the macular area after small incision extracapsular excision are relatively small, visual recovery is faster, and the complications reduced.