糖尿病性黄斑水肿的病理生理机制：神经血管单元研究现状

糖尿病性黄斑水肿(DME)是引起糖尿病视网膜病变患者视力损害的主要原因，其发病机制尚不明确。近年来认为DR是神经血管单元(NVU)损伤引起的一类神经血管性疾病，NVU主要由神经元、胶质细胞和血管细胞构成，神经系统和血管组织相互协同依赖。视网膜血管结构作为血-视网膜屏障的重要组成部分，其功能基于NVU中血管神经耦合形成一个精密的功能整体，能够有效维持视网膜内稳态，对维持正常视功能至关重要。本文从NVU的角度就DME的调节机制进行综述。

Pathophysiology of diabetic macular edema: current status of neurovascular unit research

The pathophysiology of diabetic macular edema (DME), a primary contributor to visual impairment of diabetic retinopathy (DR) patients, is yet unknown. The neurovascular unit (NVU), which is primarily made up of neurons, glial cells, and vascular cells, is assumed to be the source of DR, a family of neurovascular illnesses. The neurological system and vascular tissue are mutually dependent on one another. As a crucial part of the blood-retina barrier, the vascular structure of the retina acts as a sophisticated functional whole based on the vascular-neural coupling in the NVU, which is crucial for maintaining intraretinal homeostasis and normal visual function. This article reviews the regulatory mechanisms of DME from the perspective of the NVU.