Challenges in the diagnosis of microbial keratitis: A detailed review with update and general guidelines |
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Authors: | Hind M Alkatan Rakan S Al-Essa |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University-Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;2. Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University-Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia |
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Abstract: | The incidence of microbial keratitis (MK) is variable worldwide with an estimated 1.5–2 million cases of corneal ulcers in developing countries. The complications of MK can be severe and vision threatening. Therefore, proper diagnosis of the causative organism is essential for early successful treatment. Accurate sampling of microbiological specimens in MK is an important step in identifying the infective organism. Corneal scrapping, tear samples and corneal biopsy are examples of specimens obtained for the investigative procedures in MK. Ophthalmologists especially in an emergency room setting should be aware of the proper sampling techniques based on their microbiology-related basic information for each category of MK. This review article briefly describes the clinical presentation and defines in details the best updated diagnostic methods used in different types of MK. It can be used as a guide for ophthalmology trainees and general ophthalmologists who may be handling such cases at initial presentation. |
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Keywords: | Corresponding author at: Departments of Ophthalmology and Pathology Postgraduate Medical Education Department College of Medicine King Saud University PO Box 18097 Riyadh 11415 Saudi Arabia Microbial Keratitis Corneal ulcer Corneal abscess Polymerase chain reaction Herpes simplex virus Bacterial Infectious crystalline keratopathy Mycotic Aspergillus Fusarium Candida Microsporidium Acanthamoeba |
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