微重力环境引起宇航员眼部改变及其机制的研究进展

宇航员进入微重力环境后可出现一系列眼部改变，这些改变若得不到及时干预或治疗，将导致宇航 员出现长期或永久的视力损害，不仅影响飞行任务的执行，还威胁宇航员的人身安全。尽管目前宇 航员出现这些眼部改变的确切机制尚不明确，但相关研究已发现，宇航员进入微重力环境后会出现 颅内压升高、神经系统改变、生化改变及淋巴、静脉系统循环障碍，这些可能都参与了疾病的发生 与发展。现归纳国内外近50年来关于宇航员进入微重力环境后出现的眼部改变及其可能的发生机制， 以期寻找针对这些眼部改变的预防和治疗措施，为宇航员筛查、训练及防治工作提供相关理论支持。

Research Progress on Ophthalmic Changes in Astronauts Induced by a Microgravity Environment and the Related Mechanism

A series of ophthalmic changes can occur after astronauts enter the microgravity environment. If these changes are not intervened or treated in a timely manner, it will cause long-term or permanent visual impairment to astronauts, which will not only affect the execution of flight missions, but also threaten the personal safety of astronauts. Although the precise mechanism of these ophthalmic changes in astronauts is still unclear, related studies have found that when astronauts enter the microgravity environment, there is intracranial pressure elevation, nervous system changes, biochemical changes, and lymphoid and venous circulation disorders, which may be involved in the occurrence and development of the disease. This paper summarizes these ophthalmic changes over a period of the last 50 years at home and abroad and their possible mechanisms after astronauts enter the microgravity environment. We want to identify the preventive and treatment measures for these ophthalmic changes, and provide relevant theoretical support for the screening and training of astronauts.