两对比度中文阅读视力表的设计

选择可视性相似的句子作为视标，以完成两对比度中文阅读视力表的设计。方法实验研究。本研究通过视标的选择和视力表版面的制作完成两对比度中文阅读视力表的设计。通过以下方法选取可视性相近的句子作为视标。①句子的初步标准化：对日常阅读材料的各种文体进行句子长度的统计，得出常用书面文体的句子长度。以人教版初中语文课本的现代文为句子来源，根据所统计句子长度从2500个常用汉字中选取构建并适当修改句子。得到句长相同、字词难度相近、语意语法相近等要求95个汉语句子。②心理物理学测试：选择受过大学教育、远近矫正视力达1.0及以上、调节幅度正常、近期眼部无明显不适的受检者阅读这些句子，根据阅读速度和总笔画数这2个因素的最小范围最大交集的原则，选取视标。阅读视力表的版面设计采用国际通用的原则。在对比度上配置100%和10% 2种对比度。数据采用独立样本t检验和配对t检验进行分析。结果 经过初步筛选和心理物理学测试，最后选取可视性相近的52个句子作为视标，结合通用设计原则完成两对比度中文阅读视力表的设计。结论 两对比度汉字阅读视力表其视标之间的可视性相近，视力表设计特点标准科学，具有测量阅读视力、评价阅读行为等用途。

The design of a Chinese reading visual acuity chart with high and low contrast

To design a Chinese characters reading acuity chart with high and low contrast by selecting some Chinese sentences that have the equal legibility as the optotypes. Methods Experimental study. Choose the sentences with the same legibility as the optotypes by the following steps： ①Standardizing the sentences： the length of the sentence was got statistically by calculating collected the sentences on the daily reading materials； based on the junior middle school Chinese teaching materials and within 2500 most common Chinese characters， 95 sentences were constructed in Chinese with the same length of words， highly comparable syntactical structure and the same lexical and grammatical difficulty. ②Psychophysical experimental method： choose those university students， with the best corrected far and near visual acuity of 1.0 or better， normal amplitude， no uncomfortable complaints recently as volunteers. Sentences were statistically selected and standardized in these volunteers. The optotypes were selected following the rule of the minimum scope and the maximum intersection of the reading speed and the total strokes of the sentences. The principles of international universal visual chart design were applied in designing the Page layout. With high （100%） and low （10%） contrast. Results 52 sentences with the same legibility were selected after the firstly standardized sentences and secondly psychophysical experimental method； the Chinese characters reading acuity chart with high and low contrast was designed by following the principles of International universal visual chart design. Conclusion The high and low contrast Chinese characters reading acuity chart， with the equal legibility optotypes， were designed scientifically， which hoped to be used in measuring reading acuity and assessing reading behavior etc.