异常低温阴雨天气对传染病突发公共卫生事件发生的影响

目的 通过分析罕见低温阴雨天气对南宁市传染病突发公共卫生事件发生的影响,为预防控制因极端天气事件导致传染病突发公共卫生事件的发生提供依据.方法 对南宁市2008年初和2012年初的极端低温阴雨天气期间及后延1个月的传染病突发公共卫生事件的发生情况进行分析.结果 极端低温阴雨天气使传染病突发公共卫生事件发生概率升高,且因传染病事件所致的罹患率也明显上升.2012年初传染病事件发生数最多,2008年初因传染病事件所致罹患率最高.2008年初传染病事件所致罹患率分别是2012年同期的1.528倍(x2=40.439,p＜0.001)和2005年来其它各年同期的1.685倍(x2=72.131,p＜0.001).2012年初因传染病事件所致罹患率分别是2005年来其它各年同期的1.103倍(x2=6.187,p＜0.05)和2009-2011年同期的1.384倍(x2=86.419,p＜0.001).结论 极端低温阴雨天气对传染病突发公共卫生事件的发生产生影响,但此期间发生的传染病突发公共卫生事件的病原以有有效疫苗预防的呼吸道传染病事件为主,因此,在经历极端气候条件时,应注重疫苗接种的宣传工作,扩大免疫接种范围,以减少传染病的发生和传播.

Impact of extreme low temperature and rainy weather on public health emergencies of infectious diseases in Nanning

Objective To analyze impact of extreme low temperature and rainy weather on public health emergencies of infectious diseases in Nanning,and to provide a scientific basis of preventing and controlling public health emergencies of infectious diseases caused by extreme weather events. Methods The data about public health emergencies of infectious diseases during extreme low temperature and rainy weather in the beginning of 2008 and 2012 were analyzed. Results The emerging probability and the attack rate of public health emergencies of infectious diseases were increased owing to extreme low temperature and rainy weather. The quantity of emerging public health emergencies of infectious diseases is the most in the beginning of 2012 than that of other years. The attack rate of public health emergencies of infectious diseases is the highest in the beginning of 2008 than that of other years. The attack rate of public health emergencies of infectious diseases in the beginning of 2008 are respectively 1.528 （χ2 =40.439,p0.001） times of that of the same period in2012 and 1.685 （χ2 =72.131,p0.001） times of that of the same period of other years. The attack rate of public health emergencies of infectious diseases in the beginning of 2012 are respectively 1.103 （χ2 =6.187,p0.05） times of that of the same period in2005 to 2011 except for 2008 and 1.384 （χ2 =86.419,p0.001） times of that of the same period in 2009 to 2011. Conclusions Extreme low temperature and rainy weather in Nanning have impact on public health emergencies of infectious diseases. The most of pathogens of causing public health emergencies of infectious diseases can be prevented by vaccine inoculation. Therefore,propaganda of vaccine inoculation should been maximum emphasized in order to enlarge the extent of vaccine inoculation in public and to reduce incidence of infectious diseases when encountering extreme climate events.