全球卫生治理面临的挑战及其应对策略

人人享有健康是一项基本人权。全球卫生治理的使命就是要在全世界范围内促进“人人享有健康”。目前，全球卫生治理面临诸多重大挑战，如治理主体众多但目标不一致导致领导权威难以确立，以国家为中心的国际体制使跨国集体行动的达成存在一定困难，各国对公共卫生事项设置的优先顺序存在分歧，全球卫生资金投入不足且分配不均，全球卫生治理严重缺乏国际协调，全球卫生治理基本框架尚未完全形成等。为了应对挑战，建议深化全球卫生改革，提高全球卫生治理的能力与效率；国际社会与各国政府必须审思与重构自身卫生法律与政策，把重点放在促进卫生公平而非提高经济竞争力上；各国政府必须重点关注民生和民权，重视非卫生领域政策与卫生政策的协调，从根本上改善健康的决定因素；增加全球卫生治理的透明度、建立新型问责制，增强世界卫生组织的权威性；在全球层面构建全球卫生治理基本框架，增强全球卫生治理的有序性。

Global health governance: Challenges and suggestions

"Health for all" is a basic human right for all the people over the world.The mission of global health governance is to promote the basic human right of "health for all" to be realized as far as possible in the worldwide.Currently,global health governance is facing many challenges.Firstly,too many governance subjects lead to the disestablishing of leadership authority.Secondly,the currently international system with characteristics of centralizing for countries makes it difficult to achieve transnational collective action.Thirdly,there is a great difference of priority settings for public health matters between developed countries and developing countries.Fourthly,insufficient fund,with its unfair distribution,also with the wrong investment policy of centralizing for the diseases,the global health governance relatively ignores the basic survival needs of the poorest people in the world and health system capacity building of the developing countries.Fifthly but not in the end,the coexisting of fragmentation and overlapping of global health governance,as well as lacking of international coordination both show that the fundamental framework of global health governance has not yet fully formed.In order to deal with these challenges,I put forward the following suggestions.Firstly,in order to promote the governance ability and governance efficiency of global health governance,the international society must deepen its reform of global health governance as far as possible,with the World Health Organization at the head of it.Secondly,the international community and national governments must reconsider and reconstruct their health laws and health policies,so that we can make it sure that our health laws and health policies are focusing on promoting health fairness instead of focusing on improving economic competitiveness.Thirdly,national governments must do their best to improve people’s livelihood and to protect people’s civil rights,also pay more attention on the harmonious of health policy and non-health policy,so that the health decisive factors of all nation can be changed fundamentally.Fourthly,the transparency of global health governance must been increased,the accountability system must been explicated and cleared,and the World Health Organization’s authority should be enhanced.Fifthly but not in the end,at the international level,global health management framework,should been built and the order of global health management should be enhanced.