中国抗生素耐药性治理的政策演变及启示

目的:本研究系统梳理了我国在不同时期实施的抗生素耐药性治理,分析政策的演变历程和原因,旨在为下一步政策制定提供启示。方法:在国家卫生健康委员会等相关部委的官方网站上,系统检索有关抗生素耐药性问题的政策文件,提取关键信息并梳理政策内容与时间节点,归纳和总结中国为应对抗生素耐药性问题所采取的政策和行动。结果:中国抗生素耐药性治理的政策演变过程可划分为三个阶段:以药品管控为主要治理策略的第一阶段,以临床监测为主要治理手段的第二阶段,多领域参与的全面治理策略的第三阶段。结论:为进一步解决抗生素耐药性问题,中国应加强社区感染控制和抗生素合理使用,加强对农业和环境领域的耐药性治理,建立基于"One Health"框架下的跨部门、跨学科合作平台,并加大抗生素替代药品的研发力度。

Policy evolution of antibiotic resistance governance in China and its implication

Objective:This study examines China''s policy evolution of antibiotic resistance governance in different stages and provides enlightenment for policy development. Methods:We systematically searched policies and actions regarding antibiotic resistance governance on the websites of major ministries such as the National Health Commission and extracted key information from these policies.(1)The policies and actions were then summarized based on their issue time and key content. Results:The governance of antibiotic resistance in China could be divided into three major stages:1) the policy was focused on generally control of medicine use; (2)clinical surveillance and governance of antibiotic resistance and (3)multi-disciplinary antibiotic resistance governance. Conclusions:China should improve infection control and antibiotic use in community, promote the departments of agriculture and environment to be more actively involved in global actions on control of antibiotic resistance, establish an inter-departmental and inter-disciplinary cooperation platform based on "One Health" and encourage pharmaceutical innovation.