政策工具视角下我国抗菌药物合理用药政策研究

目的:从政策体系角度出发,分析我国抗菌药物合理用药政策领域政策工具使用情况,为后续相关政策的调整和优化提供参考。方法:采用内容分析和定量分析方法,构建"政策工具—政策过程"二维分析框架,对中央政府颁布的抗菌药物合理用药政策进行分析。结果:纳入分析47份政策文本共生成505条政策文本编码,其中,政策工具维度环境型政策工具运用最多(77.43%,391/505),其次为供给型(18.22%,92/505)和需求型(4.36%,22/505)政策工具;政策发展维度政策规划、政策实施、政策监督、政策评价工具分别占41.19%(208/505)、51.68%(261/505)、3.96%(20/505)、3.17%(16/505)。结论:抗菌药物合理用药政策应适当减少对环境型政策工具的依赖,重视供给型和需求型政策工具的推动和拉动作用,加强在政策发展过程中监督和评价类工具的运用。

A study on rational use policies of antibacterial drugs in China: A perspective of policy tools

Objectives:To analyze the use of policy tools in the field of Chinese policies for rational use of antibacterial drugs, and provide references for the adjustments and optimization of follow-up policies from the perspective of policy system. Methods:Content analysis and quantitative analysis methods were adopted to build a two-dimensional analysis framework of "policy tools and policy process", in order to analyze the polices promulgated by the Chinese central government for rational use of antibacterial drugs. Results:The 47 policy texts included in the analysis generated 505 policy text codes in total, wherein, environment-based policy tools (77.43%, 391/505) were used the most in the dimension of policy tools, followed by supply-based policy tools (18.22%, 92/505) and demand-based policy tools (4.36%, 22/505). In the dimension of policy development, policy planning tools, policy implementation tools, policy supervision tools, and policy evaluation tools accounted for 41.19% (208/505), 51.68% (261/505), 3.96% (20/505), and 3.17% (16/505), respectively. Conclusions:The policies for rational use of antibacterial drugs should appropriately reduce its dependence on environment-based policy tools, attach importance to the driving and pulling effects of supply-based and demand-based policy tools, and enhance the utilization of monitoring and evaluation tools in the process of policy development.