医院药品集中采购政策的背景和演变

医院是我国药品的主要销售渠道，且长期以来药品由单个医院分散采购。针对药品生产、流通秩序混乱，药品价格虚高等问题，有关部门从2000年开始在全国推行以地（市）为单位的药品集中招标采购。整个制度演变可分为地方自发探索集中采购（1993--1999年），全国推行集中招标采购（2000--2004年），各地探索新的集中采购方式（2005年至今）三个阶段。政策目标则从单一的“规范医疗机构购药行为”扩展为“整顿药品流通秩序、规范药品价格、纠正医药购销的不正之风、降低群众医药费用负担”等多重目标，并将降低药品价格作为首要目标之一。

Background and evolution of the group procurement policy of drugs for hospitals

Hospitals are the primary distribution channel of drugs in China and drugs have been purchased separately by individual hospital. Faced by disorder in drug production and distribution, and soaring drug prices, some ministries began to push drug bidding organized by prefecture （city） governments. The evolution of group pro- curement policy of drugs for hospitals can he divided into three phases： Spontaneous experiment by local government （1993--1999） ,Nationwide drug bidding（2000--2004 ）, Various explorations by local government for new ways of group procurement （2005--present）. Policy objectives expand from single one of ＂to regulate drug procurement be- havior of hospitals＂ to multiple ones of ＂to put drug distribution into good order＂, ＂regulate drug prices＂, ＂remove corruption in drug procurement＂, ＂alleviate the health expenditure burden of the masses＂etc, with cutting down the drug prices as the foremost.