医务人员职业暴露和防护状况调查及对策

目的了解医院工作人员职业安全防护状况,探讨增强防护意识,完善防护措施的举措。方法采用问卷调查法对本院工作人员,包括医生、护士、工勤人员,对关于职业暴露的防护意识及防护措施等项目进行调查分析。结果 308名被调查的医务人员中,锐器刺伤≤5次者168人,占职业暴露人数的54.55%;5~10次者50人,占职业暴露人数的16.23%;11~20次者20人,占职业暴露人数的6.49%;≥20次者70人,占22.73%。其中医务人员被刺伤环节最高发于收集、清洗器械时刺伤,其次为配药、加药时匆忙、粗心。锐器刺伤发生率与自我防护意识强弱有关,防护意识强者,刺伤发生率低,防护意识弱者,刺伤发生率高,两者之间差异显著(P<0.001)。多数医务人员表示其安全防护意识多来源于院内学习培训,工作经验及同事间交流。结论临床医务人员职业暴露的发生率很高,应完善管理制度强化防护意识,加强职业安全防护教育,规范医院工作人员的操作行为,使用安全性能好的医疗护理器材。

Investigation on occupational exposure and protection of staff in hospital

Objective To understand the situation of the occupational exposure and protection of doctors,nurses and other workers in the hospital,and discuss the measures for keeping away the occupational exposure.Methods A retrospective questionnaire was distributed to 308 staff in the hospital including 102 doctors,108 nurses and 48 other staff.Results There were 104 staff suffered from occupational exposure in their careers less than 5 times,accounting for 54.55%;50 suffered 5-10 times,accounting for 16.23%;20 suffered 11-20 times,accounting for 6.49%;and even 70 staff suffered from occupational exposure more than 20 times,accounting for 22.73%.The preventive consciousness in the staff was related to the frequency of sharp tools injuries(P<0.001).The rate of sharp tool injuries was lower in the staff that had a strong preventive consciousness,while the rate of sharp tool injuries was higher in the staff that had a weaker preventive consciousness.There was a significant difference between the two groups(P<0.001).Conclusions The rate of the sharp tool injuries was still higher in the staff of the hospital.Therefore,to ensure the occupational safety,it is important to strengthen the health protection system and safe supervisory control,continuously enhance the occupational prevention training and make use of high standard cure and care tools.