西藏山南市某县318名小学生营养素养调查分析

目的 分析西藏山南市某县小学生营养素养现状,探讨可行性提升方案。方法 使用课题组自编问卷,选取某县镇属小学和乡属小学各1所,对一至五年级学生进行抽样调查。使用χ2检验或独立样本t检验,分析镇小学与乡小学学生营养素养是否存在差异。结果 318名藏族学生在食物搭配、睡眠时长、户外活动时长、谷物主要营养素、深色蔬菜、预防缺血性贫血的食品等题目的知晓率较低。不少于83.9%的学生愿意将所知道的营养健康知识进行宣传。三、四年级学生报告一周内所吃食物种类平均为4.2～4.4类,五年级学生报告一周内所吃食物种类平均为6.0～6.3类。镇小学低年级学生在“饭前手卫生”(100% vs 81.8%,χ2=12.064,P<0.001)及“餐后口腔卫生”(88.1% vs 67.3%,χ2=6.965,P=0.008)方面的知晓率高于乡小学;镇小学中年级学生“新鲜水果代替食物”(81.9% vs 53.6%,χ2=11.970,P<0.001)知晓率高于乡小学,乡小学中年级学生“室外活动时长”(30.4% vs 6.9%,χ2=12.131,P<0.001)知晓率高于镇小学;镇小学高年级学生在“预防贫血”(29.3% vs 0,χ2=9.920,P=0.002)及“室外活动时长”(56.1% vs 0,χ2=23.561,P<0.001)方面的知晓率高于乡小学,乡小学高年级学生在“新鲜水果代替食物”(100% vs 75.6%,χ2=6.18,P=0.012)及“睡眠时长”(100% vs 80.5%,χ2=6.152,P=0.013)方面的知晓率高于镇小学,上述差异均具有统计学意义。结论 山南市小学生营养素养尚存在较大的提升空间。应在镇、乡各级学校应加强对认识食物、食物搭配、营养健康术语等内容的专题指导,以提高学生营养素养和健康水平。

Investigation and analysis on nutritional literacy of 318 primary school students in a county of Shannan City,Tibet

Objective To analyze the current situation of primary school students' nutritional literacy in a county of Shannan City, Tibet, and explore the feasible improvement strategy. Methods By using the questionnaire compiled by the research group, one township primary school and one countryside primary school in a county were selected to conduct a sampling survey of students from grade 1 to 5. The χ2 test or independent sample t-test was used to analyze the differences in nutritional literacy between the township primary school and countryside primary school students. Results The awareness rates of 318 Tibetan students on food matching, sleep duration, outdoor activity duration, main nutrients of grains, dark vegetables, food to prevent ischemic anemia and other topics were low. No less than 83.9% of the students were willing to publicize their knowledge of nutrition and health. The students of the third and fourth graders reported an average of 4.2 - 4.4 categories of food eaten in a week, and the students of the fifth graders reported an average of 6.0 - 6.3 categories of food eaten in a week. The awareness rate of "hand hygiene before meals" (100% vs 81.8%, χ2=12.064, P<0.001) and the awareness rate of "oral hygiene after meals" (88.1% vs 67.3%, χ2=6.965, P=0.008) among the students of lower grade of the township primary school were higher than those among the students of lower grade of the countryside primary school, the awareness rate of "fresh fruit instead of food" (81.9% vs 53.6%, χ2=11.970, P<0.001) among the students of middle-grade of the township primary school was higher than that among the students of the countryside primary school, and the awareness rate of "outdoor activity duration" (30.4% vs 6.9%, χ2=12.131, P<0.001) among the students of middle-grade of the countryside primary school was higher than that among the students of the township primary school, the awareness rates of "anemia prevention" (29.3% vs 0, χ2=9.920, P=0.002) and "outdoor activity duration" (56.1% vs 0, χ2=23.561, P<0.001) of senior students in the township primary school were higher than those among the students in the countryside primary school, and the awareness rates of "fresh fruitinstead of food" (100% vs 75.6%, χ2=6.18, P=0.012) and "sleep duration" (100% vs 80.5%, χ2=6.152, P=0.013) among the senior students of the countryside primary school were higher than those among the students in township primary schools, and the above differences were statistically significant. Conclusions There is still much room for improvement in the nutritional literacy of primary school students in Shannan City. Special guidance should be given to the understanding of food, food collocation, nutrition and health terms in schools at all levels of townships and countryside, so as to improve students' nutritional literacy and the health level.