2016—2020年菏泽市食源性疾病暴发动态分析与防治对策

目的 对菏泽市食源性疾病暴发进行动态分析,为有效预防食源性疾病的发生提供有效的防治对策。方法 采用Excel及SPSS 16.0统计软件对2016年—2020年菏泽市5年食源性疾病暴发情况进行描述统计分析。结果 2016—2020年菏泽市食源性疾病暴发事件年平均罹患率分别是14.71%,25.59%,18.33%,34.34%,5.34%。该五年的年平均罹患率17.14%之间差异有统计学意义(χ2=375.10,P＜0.001);年份作为有序变量资料进行秩和检验(Z=-8.95,P＜0.001)。菏泽市食源性疾病暴发以7—9月份暴发起数最多,暴发起数128起(占比51.20%),植物类食品在报告起数方面(73起)及罹患率方面(80.00%)均较高;污染物类别方面,不同污染物类别平均罹患率间差异有统计学意义(χ2=132.70,P＜0.001),致病微生物及毒素、化学污染物所占构成比较高;引起食源性疾病暴发的主要原因是食品加工储存不当,误食误用等;不同发生场所平均罹患率间差异有统计学意义χ2=243.70,P＜0.001),家庭、宾馆饭店、街头摊点是高发场所。结论 政府及卫生行政部门应针对家庭、宾馆饭店、街头摊点重点场所,尽可能查明食源性疾病暴发的原因,各部门应加强配合、监管及宣传。

Dynamic analysis and control strategies of foodborne disease outbreaks in Heze City from 2016 to 2020

Objective To make a dynamic analysis on the outbreak of foodborne diseases in Heze City, so as to provide effective prevention and control strategies. Methods Excel and SPSS16.0 statistical software was used to describe and statistically analyze the outbreaks of foodborne diseases in Heze City in the past 5 years from 2016 to 2020. Results The average annual incidence rates of foodborne disease outbreaks in Heze City from 2016 to 2020 were 14.71%, 25.59%, 18.33%, 34.34%, and 5.34% respectively, and there was a statistically significant difference in the annual average incidence rate among the five years (χ2=375.10, P<0.001), and the year was used as the ordered variable data for rank sum test, and the result of the test was Z=-8.95, P<0.001. The outbreaks of foodborne diseases in Heze City were the most from July to September, with 128 outbreaks (accounting for 51.20%), and the number of reported cases (73 cases) and incidence rate of plant foods (80.00%) were higher; in terms of pollutant categories, the average incidence rates of different pollutant categories were statistically significant (χ2=132.70, P<0.001), the proportions of pathogenic microorganisms, toxins and chemical pollutants were relatively high; the main causes of foodborne disease outbreak were improper food processing and storage, misuse of food, etc., and the average incidence rate in different places was statistically significant (χ2=243.70, P<0.001), and families, hotels, restaurants and street stalls were high incidence places. Conclusion The government and health administrative departments should find out the causes of foodborne disease outbreaks in key places such as families, hotels and street stalls, and all departments should strengthen cooperation, supervision and publicity.