北京市老年人躯体健康变化的纵向观察

目的：观察90年代北京市老年人健康=介绍人向演变的特点及增龄效应（age effect)和群组效应（cohort effect)在健康演变中的作用。方法：利用SPSS软件包分析北京市老龄化多纵纵向研究课题中1992－1997年连续调查内存活的2043例55－92岁北京城乡居民有关躯体健康的资料，以同一群体1992年1997年慢性病患病1健康自我评价、日常生活活动能力三项指标作横向和纵向分析对比。结果：①要组1997年慢性病患病率较1992年增加明显，尤其是白内障、高血压、冠心病、脑血管病，年均发病率均在1％以上，70岁以下的低龄老人中所占的比例高，占总发病的66％－75％，糖尿病的发病集中在75岁以下组的倾向更突出。②随年龄增加发生的功能活动能力下降最明显的年龄段是65岁和75岁。1997年IADL、ADL总体依赖率高于1992年主要是由于该人群年龄增加的效应。同年龄的老对比显示1997年的IADL活动能力较1992年高，显示群组效应。③1997年人群的健康自评下降主要是由两次调查的年龄差异构成。增龄对健康自评的影响在年青年人更明显。结论老年人躯体健康演变过在不同的年龄段有不同特点，增龄效应和组效应也有不同的表现，对老年保健策略有一定参考价值。

A Longitudinal Survey on the Physical Health of Aged Population in Beijing

Objective To explore the age and cohort effects on longitudinal changes in physical health in Beijing.Methods Data of 2 043 Beijing residents aged 55～92 years was collected from the project“Beijing Longitudinal Health Studying on Aging(1992～1997)”and was carried out through SPSS.Cross-section and longitudinal comparisons were conducted on chronic diseases incidence,self-rated health and activities of daily life during the five years.Results ①The incidence rates of chronic diseases increased tremendously within five years,especially in cardio-vascular diseases.②Age effect on activities of daily life was obvious in 65 and 70 age group,but the cohort effect showed that LADL dependence rate was lesser in 1997 cohort than that in 1992 cohort.③Age effect on self-rated health was significant,especially among the younger seniors.Conclusion Either age or cohort effect induced physical health changes in aged people,but the features changed differently in various age groups.