高血压病社区综合干预效果分析

目的了解社区干预对控制高血压的效果,为政府制定合理的卫生政策提供依据。方法在6个居委会中随机抽取4个为干预组,另2个为对照组。以35岁以上居民作为研究对象,排除长期外出以及由于其他原因无法配合者。对干预组进行综合干预,包括居民个人档案的建立、药物治疗及其个人行为干预、随时提供医疗服务和宣传保健知识;对照组只按初级保健工作要求随访并建立健康档案。结果干预前干预组观察人数5468人,年龄为(48.61±6.12)岁,患病人数1238人,患病率22.60%;对照组观察人数2617人,年龄为(49.92±6.93)岁,患病人数599人,患病率22.90%,两组年龄和患病率差别均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预后干预组观察人数5482人,年龄为(49.73±6.51)岁,患病人数1382人,患病率25.21%;对照组观察人数2615人,年龄为(50.03±6.59)岁,患病人数780人,患病率29.82%,两组患病率差别有统计学意义(χ2=22.26,P<0.01),年龄差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预组高血压患者收缩压干预后比干预前降低5.25mmHg,舒张压降低5.25mmHg,差别均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。高血压患者的知晓率、治疗率、控制率分别比干预前提高19.9%,52.6%和45.5%。吸烟、饮酒、超重、高盐饮食危险因素,干预组干预后较干预前降低(P<0.01);而对照组干预后较干预前升高(P<0.05)。结论社区综合干预对控制高血压有重要作用。

The Effect of Community-based Integrative Intervention on Hypertension in Guangzhou

Objective To Analyze the effect of community-based integrative intervention on hypertension.Methods Among six residential areas,randomly chose four as the intervention group and the another two as the control group.Then a synthetical intervention was carried out to the intervention group,but no measures to the control.Results In the intervention group,the patients' systolic and diastolic pressure were eventually lower by 5.25 mm Hg than the datum line.The final result was obviously different from the datum line(P<0.01).The rates of the patients' awareness,treatment and control for hypertension had risen by 19.9%,52.6% and 45.5% above the datum line.The prevalence of hypertension in the intervention group(15.46%) was significantly lower than that of the control group(29.82%)(P<0.01).The high-risk factors such as smoking,drinking,overweight and over salt diet are lower than the datum line(P<0.01)in the intervention group.But in the contrast group the final result is higher than the datum line(P>0.05).Conclusion The community-based integrated intervention plays a great role in the control of high blood pressure.