四川省饮茶型氟中毒成人氟骨症流行特征及影响因素

目的了解四川省饮茶型氟中毒病区16岁以上人群氟中毒的流行病学分布特点，探索饮茶型氟中毒发生的影响因素。方法通过多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法，对四川省饮用砖茶习惯的少数民族人群进行横断面调查。结果所调查的地区饮茶型氟中毒患病率为45．7％，调查的3个州中，阿坝州患病率最高，女性患病率高于男性，藏族患病率高于其他民族，牧民的患病率也高于其他职业的人群，患病率随着年龄的增大而升高，并且随着文化程度和家庭人均收入的增高而降低。影响氟中毒发生的危险因素主要有年龄、藏族、羌族、回族、牧民、日饮茶水量，其OR值依次为1．757、12．770、5．918、3．229、1．162和1．201，保护因素主要有食用蔬菜、水果、文化程度、家庭年人均收入，经直线相关分析，日饮茶水量与氟斑牙和氟骨症的严重程度皆呈正相关，相关系数分别为0．150、0．159。结论饮茶型氟中毒在四川省有饮砖茶习惯的少数民族地区患病率较高，氟中毒发生的危险因素主要是年龄、民族、职业、日饮茶水量。

Epidemioligcal Features of Skeletal Fluorosis by Tea Drinking and Related Factors in Sichuan

Objective To survey the epidemiological features of fluorosis by drinking tea among the population aged over 16 years in the endemic areas in Sichuan and the related factom. Methods By multistage random stratified liked to drinking cluster sampling, a cross-sectional survey on fluorosis by tea drinking in the minority populations who drink brick tea in Sichuan was conducted. Results The overall prevalence rate of fluorosis by tea was 45. 7%. Among 3 prefectures surveyed, the prevalence rate in Aba prefecture was highest, the prevalence rate in females was higher than that in males. The prevalence rate in Tibetan was obviously higher than other minorities, and the prevalence rate in herdsmen was also higher than that in populations. The prevalence rate increased with the increase of age, and declined with the increase of years of education and the family income. After logistic regression, the risk factors to the fluorosis included age, Tibetan nationality, Qiang nationality, Hui nationality, herdsman, and the daily volume of tea drinking, The OR values were 1. 757, 12. 770, 5. 918, 3. 229, 1. 162, 1. 201, respectively. The protecting factors included vegetables eating, fruit eating, the years of education, the family income. The straight line correlation analysis indicated that the daily volume of tea drinking was correlated positively with the severity of dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis （r values： 0. 150 and 0. 159）. Conclusion The prevalence of fluorosis by tea drinking was high in the people who liked to drink brick tea in minority areas. The risk factors included age, nationality, occupation and daily volume of tea drinking.