2002-2006年重庆市巴南区O139霍乱疫情分析

目的探讨O139霍乱流行特征,为制定预防控制措施提供依据。方法对所有患者及其接触者进行流行病学调查,对人群、环境、水体和食品采样培养分离霍乱弧菌,按国家标准诊断患者和带菌者。结果2002-2006年共发生4起疫情,暴露者818人,感染率为20·66%,罹患率为3·42%,带菌率为17·24%,死亡率为0·12%;各起疫情均与聚餐有关,均有食用虾或甲鱼史;疫情发生地均为近郊农村,宴席性质均为农村家宴;患者主要表现为无痛性腹泻,水样便,中重度病例占39·29%。结论4起O139霍乱疫情与虾或甲鱼携带O139霍乱弧菌污染食品、食具传播有关,感染率高,带菌者明显多于患者,发病重,一年四季均可流行,加强饮食卫生管理是预防O139霍乱食源性传播的关键。

Cholera O139 Epidemic Situation in Banan District, Chongqing From 2002 to 2006

Objective To explore the epidemic characteristics of cholera O139 occurred in Banan District from 2002 to 2006.Method Epidemiological survey was made among patients and those contacted with them,and the diagnosis was identified strictly according to national standards.Vibrio cholerae was cultured and isolated from crowd,environment,water and food.Results There were 818 exposed people in the four epidemic events with an infection rate of 20.66%,attack rate of 3.42%,carrier rate of 17.24% and death rate of 0.12%.All of them had relation with eating shrimp and turtle.The epidemic events occurred in suburb countryside.All of the banquets were the family banquet of countryside.The main clinical symptoms were unpainful diarrhea and watery stool.Cases of moderate and heavy illness occupied 39.29%.Conclusion All epidemic events were related to food polluted by shrimp or turtle with Vibrio cholerae.Due to its high infection rate,the serious symptoms and much more carriers than patients,it is crucial to strenghten food hygiene inspection.