一起农村聚餐所致霍乱暴发调查

目的分析1起霍乱暴发疫情的流行病学特征,为制定防制措施提供科学依据。方法制定统一的病例诊断标准,开展现场流行病学调查并对采集标本进行实验室检测。结果共发生5例病例(1例可能病例,确诊病例3例,健康带菌者1例),罹患率为2.3%,无死亡病例。14日午餐为危险餐次,食用甲鱼或鸡肉者罹患率(4.4%)高于未食用者(0%),但差异无统计学意义(RR=∞,95%CI=0.398～∞);食用木耳酸菜汤对预防发病有一定的保护作用(RR=0,95%CI=0～0.761);从病例的粪便和肛拭子标本分离到O139霍乱弧菌4株;从聚餐点清洗甲鱼的污水排放口水样中分离到O139霍乱弧菌1株。结论本次疫情为感染O139霍乱弧菌引起的霍乱暴发疫情,可疑污染来源为甲鱼,食用酸性食品对预防霍乱发生有一定的保护作用。

An Outbreak of Cholera Caused by Rural Dinner in Chenzhou City

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of a cholera outbreak,provide scientific evidence for developing prevention and control measures.Methods Unified dignositic criteria of cases was designed,field epidemiological survey was conducted and samples collected from the outbreak were conducted laboratory tests.Results Totally 5 cases were found,including 1 suspected case,3 comfirmed cases and 1 healthy carrier,the attack rate was 2.3%,with no death case.The lunch on 14th may be the main risk factor.The attack rate of people who had either soft-shelled turtles or chicken(4.4%) was higher than those who hadn’t(0),but the difference was not statistically significant(RR=∞,95%CI=0.398-∞).The agarics-pickle soup had certain protective effect of the prevention(RR=0,95%CI=0-0.761).Four strains of Cholera O139 were detected in stool samples or rectal swabs from all cases.One strain of Cholera O139 was detected in the water sample from kitchen pollutants discharge port for cleaning soft-shelled turtles.Conclusions This outbreak of cholera was caused by O139 vibrio cholerae,the suspected source of pollution was soft-shelled turtles.Eating acidic food has certain protective effect on preventing the occurrence of cholera.