Polyvictimization and Psychiatric Sequelae Associated with Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) |
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Authors: | Chen Victoria H Caron Jayne Goddard Brian Eng Shirley M Ades Veronica |
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Institution: | 1.New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA ;2.Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA ;3.Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA ;4.New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA ;5.Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA ;6.Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women’s Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA ; |
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Abstract: | Female Genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) is associated with enduring psychiatric complications. In this study, we investigate the rates of co-morbid abuses and polyvictimization experienced by survivors of FGM/C. This is a sub-analysis of a cohort study examining the patient population at the EMPOWER Center for Survivors of Sex Trafficking and Sexual Violence in New York City. A retrospective chart-review of electronic medical records was conducted for all consenting adult patients who had FGM/C and had an intake visit between January 16, 2014 and March 6, 2020. Of the 80 participants, ages ranged from 20 to 62 years with a mean of 37.4 (SD?=?9.1) years. In addition to FGM/C, participants were victims of physical abuse (43; 53.8%), emotional abuse (35; 43.8%), sexual abuse (35; 43.8%), forced marriage (20; 25%), child marriage (13; 16.3%), and sex trafficking (1; 1.4%). There was a high degree of polyvictimization, with 41 (51.2%) experiencing 3 or more of the aforementioned abuses. Having FGM/C on or after age 13 or having a higher total abuse score was also found to be strong predictors of depression and PTSD. The high rates of polyvictimization among survivors of FGM/C are associated with development of depression and PTSD. Despite co-morbid abuses, patients still attribute substantial psychiatric symptoms to their FGM/C. Health care providers should understand the high risk of polyvictimization when caring for this patient population. |
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