西安市雁塔区慢性病及危险因素调查分析

目的为进一步了解西安市雁塔区慢性病及其危险因素,并实施有效的干预措施。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法和入户面对面访问调查形式,调查包括询问调查、体格检查和实验室检查。数据采用SPSS20.0版软件进行统计分析,率的比较采用χ~2检验。结果本次调查共发放600份问卷,回收有效问卷600份,超重率为34.2%,肥胖率为11.0%,高血压患病率为15.3%,糖尿病患病率为4.3%,空腹血糖受损率为16.4%,男、女性超重、肥胖、高血压患病率差异均有统计学意义。各年龄组患病率差异均有统计学意义(均P0.01)。慢性病危险因素水平:吸烟率为29.4%,饮酒率为38.1%,缺乏锻炼率为72.2%。结论雁塔区居民超重率、肥胖率和高血压率较高,相关危险因素有吸烟、饮酒和缺乏锻炼。男性中超重、肥胖、高血压、吸烟和饮酒率均高于女性。因此,应在全面监测的基础上进行慢性病规范化管理,使雁塔区慢性病患病率及危险因素水平得到有效控制。

Investigation and analysis report of chronic diseases and risk factors in Yanta District of Xi'an

Objective To explore the risk factors and intervention measures of chronic diseases among residents in Yanta District of Xi＇an City. Methods Stratified random cluster sampling method and home-face in- terviews were performed, including inquiring survey, physical examination and laboratory tests. SPSS20.0 statistical software was used for data analysis, and X^2 test was adopted to compare rates. Results A total of 600 questionnaires were distributed, and 600 valid questionnaires were recovered. Data showed the overweight rate was 34.2%, obesity rate was 11.0%, the prevalence of hypertension was 15.3%, the prevalence of diabetes was 4.3% and the rate of impaired fasting glucose was 16.4%. There was statistical difference in overweight rate, obesity rate and the prevalence of hypertension between male and female, and among various age groups （P〈0. 01）. Of the risk factors for chronic diseases, smoking rate was 29.4%, drinking rate was 38. 1%, and lack of exercise rate was 72.2%. Conclusions The overweight rate, obesity rate and hypertension rate of residents in Yanta District are high. The risk factors consist of smoking, drinking and lack of exercise. The overweight rate, obesity rate, hyper- tension rate, smoking rate and drinking rate in male were higher than in female. Therefore, standardized management of chronic diseases should be conducted on the basis of a comprehensive monitoring, to control the prevalence of chronic diseases and risk factors.