食物频率问卷法评估人群能量和营养素摄入量的准确性验证

目的:食物频率问卷法(FFQ)问卷评估人群膳食能量和营养素摄入量的准确性进行验证。方法:使用3d称重法(WFR)和FFQ收集北京市130名35～49岁健康成人食物摄入资料,计算出其能量和营养素的摄入量并加以比较。结果:由食物WFR计算到的研究对象能量摄入为9.6MJ/d,蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化物摄入分别为82.1、87.5和269.7g/d。由FFQ得到的能量摄入量为9.7MJ/d,蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化物摄入量分别为88.3g/d、113.9g/d和248.8g/d,两种方法调查的膳食能量、蛋白质及其供能比无显著性差异,FFQ显著高估膳食脂肪摄入量(高估27.2%),碳水化物摄入量则被低估(低估10.8%)。FFQ得到的膳食维生素和矿物质的摄入量普遍高于WFR,但低估维生素E、铁和硒的摄入量。由FFQ得到的能量和营养素摄入,除维生素C、胡萝卜素和视黄醇当量外,均与WFR显著正相关,相关系数在0.22~0.51之间,但在调整年龄、性别和膳食能量摄入量的影响后,FFQ对膳食脂肪、维生素B1、钠和磷摄入量的估计与WFR相关的显著性消失。结论:FFQ可以用于评估膳食能量、蛋白质、碳水化物、维生素A、维生素B2、尼克酸、钾、钙、锌和硒的摄入量,但FFQ不适于评估膳食脂肪、视黄醇当量、胡萝卜素、维生素B1、维生素C、维生素E、钠、铁和磷的摄入量。

VALIDITY OF FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE TO INVESTIGATE THE DIETARY ENERGY AND NUTRIENTS INTAKE

Objective: To validate the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) with 3d weighted food record (WFR) in assessing the dietary energy and nutrients intake. Method: The dietary intakes of 130 subjects aged 35-49 y living in urban China were estimated by 3 d WFR and 1 year FFR. Results: The daily energy, protein, fat and carbohydrate intakes estimated by WFR were 9.6 MJ/d, 82.1, 87.5 and 269.7 g/d, and were 9.7 MJ/d, 88.3, 113.9 and 248.8 g/d by FFQ. There were no significant differences of energy and protein intake between the FFQ and WFR, but the dietary fat intake was significantly over-evaluated while the carbohydrate intake was significantly under-evaluated. The vitamins and minerals intakes except vitamin E, iron and selenium reported by FFQ were higher than WFR. There was significant positive correlation of the energy and nutrients intakes, except vitamin C, carotene and retinol, between WFR and FFQ. After adjustedfor age, gender and dietary energy intake, there was no significant correlation of dietary fat, thiamin, niacin and phosphorus between WFR and FFQ. Conclusion: Food frequency questionnaire could be used to assess dietary energy, protein, carbohydrate, vitamin A, riboflavin, niacin, potassium, calcium, zinc and selenium, intake, but not for dietary fat, vitamin C, vitamin E, sodium, iron and phosphorus.