我国中小学生的膳食营养状况

据１９９２年全国第三次营养调查资料对中小学生的膳食营养状况进行了分析，结果表明：中小学生能量的摄入量比较充足，平均每人每日为７５５６～１１９３３ｋＪ（１８０６～２８５２ｋｃａｌ），达供给量标准的９２．６％～１０１．３％；蛋白质的平均摄入量为５４．０～８３．９ｇ，为供给量标准的８４．６％～１０８．２％。矿物质中，钙的摄入量普遍存在着不足，平均每人每日为３４１～４７４ｍｇ，仅为供给量标准的３８．９％～５２．５％。维生素中视黄醇当量和核黄素摄入量较低，城市学生能达到供给量标准的５９．１％～７５．７％；农村学生仅达到４８．２％～５７．２％。中小学生的膳食构成，城市学生膳食能量的５６．４％～６３．３％来自谷类，１２．１％～１７．９％来自动物性食物；农村学生膳食能量的７０．４％～７５．４％来自谷类，４．０％～７．２％来自动物性食物；来自豆类的能量较低，城市、农村均在２％以下。脂肪的摄入量城市、农村学生差别明显，城市学生膳食总能量的２４．４％～２７．４％来自脂肪，已接近建议值的高限；农村学生膳食总能量的１５．７％～１８．５％来自脂肪，还应适当提高。

DIETARY NUTRIENTS INTAKES OF CHINESE STUDENTS

ased on dietary data collected in the 1992 National Nutritional Survey,nutrients intakes of Chinese students aged 6-17 years were calculated.Theaverage consumption of energy was 7556-11933 kJ (1806-2852 kcal)per dayconstituted 92.6%-101.3%of the RDA. The average consumption of pro-tein was 54.0-83.9g per day,84.6%-108.2%of the RDA,Students consumedvery low amount of calcium,averaged 341-474mg daily,accounting for only38.9%-52.5%of the RDA,For vitamins,the consumption of retinol equi-valent and riboflavin were also below the RDA,59.1%-75.7%for urban,48.2%-57.2%for rural.Urban students consumed 56.4%-63.3%of dietaryenergy from cereals,12.1%-17.9%from animal foods,Rural students consumed70.4%-75.4%of dietary energy from cereals,4.0%,7.2%from animalfoods.Legumes provided less than 2.0%of total energy for both urban andrural students.The difference of fat intakes was substantial between urbanand rural populations.Urbah students consumed 24. 4%-27.4%,while ruralstudents consumed only 15.7%-18.5%of their dietary energy from fat.