新兵集训期心理健康状况及相关因素分析

目的探讨入伍新兵集训期心理健康状况及与人口学因素和人格因素的关系,为科学制定心理训练和选拔方案提供依据。方法整群抽取2012年入伍新兵1436名,采用一般资料调查表、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、卡特尔16种人格因素问卷(16PF)以团体形式施测,结果与国人、军人常模进行比较,并分析焦虑、抑郁水平与16种人格因素的相关性。结果 (1)抽样新兵SAS得分显著高于全国常模(P0.01),SDS得分显著低于全国常模(P0.01);10.4%的新兵有焦虑症状,15.4%有抑郁症状,6.9%的新兵焦虑合并抑郁。(2)不同学历新兵焦虑、抑郁得分差异有显著性(P0.01);独生子女焦虑得分显著高于非独生子女(P0.01)。(3)与全国军人常模比较,抽样新兵16种个性因子得分差异均有显著性。(4)稳定性、有恒性、敢为性和自律性与焦虑、抑郁得分均呈中度负相关(r为-0.545~-0.403;-0.562~-0.385,P0.01)。忧虑性和紧张性与焦虑、抑郁得分均呈中度正相关(r为0.493~0.501;0.493~0.503,P0.01)。结论抽样新兵心理状况较好,集训期心理健康水平与学历、是否独生子女及人格特质中稳定性、有恒性、敢为性、忧虑性、自律性和紧张性关系密切。

ANALYSIS ON MENTAL HEALTH AND RELATED FACTORS OF RECRUITS DURING BASIC MILITARY TRAINING

Objective To investigate the mental health of recruits and its association with demography and personality during basic military training, in order to scientifically make scheme of psychological training and selection for recruits. Methods A total of 1436 recruits were selected by a cluster sampling method. Self-designed general information questionnaire ,Self-rating anxiety scale （SAS）, Self-rating depression scale （SDS） and Cattell 16 personality factors （ 16 PF） were used to investigate. Results were compared with the norm of Chinese people ,soldiers. Correlation was analyzed between anxiety,depression and 16 personality factors. Results （1）The score of SAS was significantly higher while that of SDS was significantly lower in tested recruits than in national norm（P〈0.01 ）. Of tested recruits, 10.4% displayed anxie- ty symptoms, 15.4% depressive symptoms, and 6.9% both anxiety and depression. （2）The scores of anxiety and depres- sion from recruits of different education background were significantly different （P〈0.01）. The score of anxiety was signif- icantly higher in recruits from only-child families than from non-only-child families（P〈0.01）. （3）The 16 PF factor scores in recruits were signifieantly different from those in Chinese military norm. （4）Emotional stability,rule-conscious- ness, social boldness, and perfectionism were negatively and moderately correlated with anxiety and depression（ r =-0. 545 --0. 403 ;-0. 562 ~-0. 385 ,respectively,P〈0.01 ）;Apprehension and nervous tension were positively and moderately correlated with anxiety and depression （ r =0. 493 ~ 0. 501 ;0. 493 - 0. 503 ,P〈0.01 ）. Conclusion The mental health of tested recruits during basic trainning was relatively good,and was related with education background ,only-child, emotion- al stability,rule-consciousness, social boldness, apprehension,perfectionism, and nervous tension.