上海市2000～2002年道路交通事故伤害流行病学研究

目的 分析2000～2002年上海市道路交通事故伤害(简称车祸)的主要危险因素并利用地理信息系统(GIS)研究车祸的空间分布。方法 在arcview软件中,将上海市各区县的车祸发生次数及死亡例数标记到上海市电子地图上,反映3年间车祸的空间分布,分别计算潜在寿命损失年数(YPLL)、潜在工作寿命损失年数(WYPLL)、潜在价值寿命损失年数(VYPLL)比较相应的疾病负担。结果 2000～2002年上海市共发生各类车祸事故69 669、68 894、47 088起,分别导致1747、1724、1557人死亡;直接经济损失分别为2.1、2.4、3.0亿元,空间分布显示事故发生以市中心为同心圆,呈现中心、外围较低,城乡结合部较高的水平,车祸导致的人均YPLL、WYPLL、VYPLL位于首位,疾病负担最重。结论 中心城区应以控制事故发生为主,周边城郊以控制事故死亡为主要任务;城市车祸对社会和经济的危害日趋严重,应加强车祸的预防和干预措施研究。

Epidemiological study on traffic accident in Shanghai from 2000 to 2002

Objective Data on traffic accident from year 2000 to 2002 wee collected and testified. Epidemiological study was carried out to find the main risk fctors of traffic accident. Methods The spatial distribution was conducted by means of Geographic Information System (GIS) and were marked on Shanghai digitalized map with different layers by different colors. Results Results showed that during 2000, 2001 and 2002, 69 669, 68 894, and 47 088 traffic accident episodes occurred in Shanghai, resulting in 1747, 1724, 1557 deaths respectively with direct economic lost:2. 1,2. 4,3. 0 billion RMB. The main risk factors causing traffic accident deaths would include drinking alcohol before driving, fatigue and speeding. The leading causes of death were head injury and complex injury of body. GIS showed that there was a homocentric circle with more traffic accidents in downtown city, but more deaths in the urban city. Disease burden caused by traffic accident was very heavy. Conclusion In Shanghai, traffic accident has great impact on social and economic issues thus should be controlled effectively. Focus should be layed on control of traffic accident in downtown area and to decrease the number of deaths related to traffic accident in the urban area.