中国部分中年人群糖尿病患病率、知晓率、治疗率及控制率现况调查

目的描述中国14组中年人群空腹血糖受损（IFG）患病率、糖尿病（DM）患病率、知晓率、治疗率、控制率现状及其近年的变化趋势。方法1998年对14组35～59岁人群进行整群抽样调查，测定空腹血糖并询问DM史及治疗史，用于现况研究。对其中4组曾在1993—1994年进行相同调查的人群进行变化趋势研究。结果14组人群IFG和DM年龄标化患病率分别为0．5％～15．6％（平均4．8％）和0．2％～10．6％（平均4．3％），无性别差异，城市高于农村（P〈0．01），年龄越大患病率越高（P〈0．01）。DM知晓率、治疗率、控制率分别为0％～46．2％（平均33．3％）、0％～46．2％（平均27．2％）和0％～15．4％（平均9．7％）；女性大于男性（P〈0．01），城市高于农村（P=0．031）．年龄越大上述三率越高（P〈0．05），与文化程度无显著关联。在DM知晓者中治疗率平均为81．6％，在治疗者中控制率平均为35．6％，且男女、城乡、年龄组问差异无统计学意义。1993-1994年到1998年4组人群DM患病率平均由3．8％上升到4．6％（P=0．037），知晓率、治疗率、控制率有上升趋势但变化无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论中国14组中年人群DM患病率两性之间差异无统计学意义．地区之间差异明显，近年呈上升趋势。DM知晓率、治疗率、控制率总体处于较低水平。解决DM人群防治的关键是改善检出机会和提高治疗效果两个环节。

The current status on the prevalence,awareness,treatment and control of diabetes mellitus in several Chinese subpopulations

Objective To determine the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG),diabetes mellitus(DM),rates of awareness,treatment and control of DM in 14 Chinese subpopulations and the trends of development in recent years.Methods We collected data on history regarding DM and fasting serum glucose in 14 Chinese subpopulations aged 35 to 59 in 1998,under cluster sampling. In 4 out of the 14 subpopulation samples,a similar survey using same methods in 1993-1994 was carried out. IFG and DM were diagnosed according to the WHO criteria. Results The age-standardized prevalence rates of IFG and DM were from 0.5%to 15.6% (mean: 4.8%) and from 0.2%to 10.6% (mean: 4.3%) for the whole 14 subpopulations in 1998 which were not different between men and women,but higher in urban than in rural( P< 0.01),but increased with age( P< 0.01).The rates of awareness,treatment and control of DM were from 0% to 46.2%(mean: 33.3%),from 0% to 46.2%(mean: 27.2%),and from 0% to 15.4%(mean: 9.7%),which were significantly higher in women than in men( P< 0.01),higher in urban than in rural( P= 0.031),and higher in older participants( P< 0.05),but not much different in the levels of education.The rate of treatment in patients with awareness of DM and the rate of control in patients with treated DM were 81.6% and 35.6% respectively,which were not different between men and women,urban and rural or among different age groups.The mean prevalence of DM increased from 3.8% in 1993-1994 to 4.6% in 1998( P= 0.037).The rates of awareness,treatment and control of DM had an increasing trends but with no significant differences between years 1993-1994and 1998. Conclusion The prevalence of DM in 14 Chinese subpopulations exhibited no differences between men and women,but showing significant differences among areas and an increasing trend in the recent years.The rates of awareness,treatment,and control were still relatively low.To improve the efficacy of screening program and treatment seemed to be the two key issues in prevention and control of DM in China.