育龄妇女贫血状况调查及影响因素分析

目的　了解育龄妇女贫血患病状况及与贫血发生的有关影响因素。方法　对北京市区及郊区农村、工厂、机关、学校的１５ ～４９ 岁育龄妇女１ ５２９ 人进行血红蛋白（Ｈｂ） 和红细胞内游离原卟啉（ＦＥＰ） 检测，同时进行有关影响因素的问卷调查，应用计算机ＳＰＳＳ／ＰＣ 软件进行统计分析。结果　在所调查的１ ５２９ 名年龄１５ ～４９ 岁育龄妇女中，血红蛋白平均值为１１６ ．３５ｇ／Ｌ（ＳＤ１４．６７ｇ／Ｌ） ，贫血患病率为３１．２ ％ ，其中绝大多数为缺铁性贫血。本调查分析与贫血发生有关的影响因素有职业、受教育程度、婚姻状况、月经、家庭消费结构、体育锻炼等。结论　育龄期妇女贫血发生率很高，应引起高度重视，并应针对影响贫血发生的主要因素进行预防和控制，减少贫血的发生。

Investigation on the prevalence and influencing factors to anemia in women at reproductive age

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of anemia in women of reproductive age and to analyze the influencing factors in anemia. METHODS: A total number of 1,529 women aged 15-49 years old including workers, farmers, cadres and students were tested with Hb and FEP and investigated through questionnaire including related influencing factors. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS/PC statistical software. RESULTS: Mean value of Hb was 116.35 g/L (SD 14.67 g/L) in 1,529 cases and the prevalence rate of anemia was 31.2%. Majority of the anemia identified belonged to the 'iron deficiency type'. Influencing factors on anemia included occupation, education, marriage status, menstruation, status of family expenses and physical exercise. CONCLUSION: The prevalence rate of anemia in reproductive aged women was high, thus more attention should be paid. In order to lower the incidence of anemia, preventive and intervenient measurements should be conducted accordingly.