2006-2008年全国伤害监测病例分布特征分析

目的 了解2006-2008年全国伤害监测病例分布特征,为制定伤害预防控制策略提供依据.方法 参照全国疾病监测点抽样框架,兼顾城乡、地理分布和经济发展的差异,结合当地伤害预防控制工作基础,抽取43个县(市、区)作为全国伤害监测点,每个监测点选取3家医院共129家医院作为伤害监测哨点医院.监测对象为首次在全国伤害监测系统哨点医院就诊被诊断为伤害的病例.结果 2006-2008年共收集有效病例1 318 739例,男性病例多于女性,3年男女性别比分别为2.14、2.02和1.96.伤害发生原因构成居前三位依次为跌倒/坠落(3年分别为28.02%、29.36%和30.12%)、道路交通伤害(23.07%、21.61%和21.44%)、钝器伤(21.46%、21.17%和20.59%);伤害发生地点主要为公路/街道(29.80%、27.73%和28.37%)、家中(21.51%、22.80%和24.02%);伤害发生时的活动主要为休闲活动(35.63%、41.93%和42.13%)、有偿工作(24.43%、22.60%和21.44%);伤害病例以非故意伤害(83.81%、86.32%和86.71%)、轻度伤害(70.42%、74.79%和73.90%)为主;伤害发生高峰时间为7:00-10:00.结论 2006-2008年全国伤害监测病例男性多于女性,主要伤害原因为跌倒/坠落、道路交通伤害和钝器伤,以非故意伤害和轻度伤害为主.

Analysis on the characteristics of injuries from the Chinese National Injury Surveillance System

Objective To analyze the injury characteristics, using data from the National Injury Surveillance System (NISS), 2006 to 2008, to develop a injury prevention strategy. Methods 129 hospitals from 43 surveillance points in NISS were selected according to the DSP sample framework, also considering the capacity of local CDC. Results Relative information on 1 318 739cases were analyzed. The number of male cases were more than the females. The top three causes of injuries were as follows: falls (28.02%,29.36%,30.12%), traffic-related (23.07%,21.61%,21.44%)and blunt injuries (21.46%, 21.17%, 20.59% ). The major places where injuries occurred were: road/street (29.80%, 27.73%, 28.37% ) and at home (21.51%, 22.80%, 24.02% ). Recreation activities (35.63%, 41.93%, 42.13% ) and at work (24.43%, 22.60%, 21.44% ) were the two major activities when injuries took place. Most injury cases were unintentional (83.81%, 86.32%, 86.71% ) and mild (70.42%, 74.79%, 73.90% ). Rush hours that caused injuries to happen were between 7 to 10 AM.Conclusion Male injury cases were more than females. Falls, road traffic-related and blunt injuries were the major causes, with most of them were unintentional and minor.