流行病学方法在健康影响评估中的应用及展望

健康影响评估(HIA)制度已经被列入《"健康中国2030"规划纲要》和《中华人民共和国基本医疗卫生与健康促进法》, 但是HIA的技术体系还亟待建立和完善。本文对HIA中流行病学方法的应用进行梳理, 结合国际HIA完整案例, 重点介绍健康决定因素的生态模型作为理论基础在HIA评估体系建立中的应用, 并总结各种流行病学研究方法在不同环节中的应用。我国现有HIA研究中流行病学方法应用单一且不足, 应加强流行病学方法在HIA指南和评估体系中的应用, 而健康医疗大数据、移动健康技术、系统流行病学和实施性研究等新技术和新方法的应用, 将有利于HIA数据收集和对健康潜在风险进行评估和监测, 也将有助于推进HIA制度建立和完善, 从而推动健康中国行动和贯彻落实健康中国战略。

Application of epidemiological methods in health impact assessment

Health impact assessment (HIA) system has been listed in the Outline of the Healthy China 2030 Plan and the Law of Basic Health Care and Health Promotion of the People''s Republic of China, however, the technique guideline of HIA needs to be established and improved. This paper summarizes the applications of different epidemiological methods in HIA and focus on the introduction of the application of ecology model of health social determinants as theory basis in the establishment of HIA system along with the introduction of HIA cases in the world. The applications of epidemiological methods in domestic HIA research are limited. Therefore, appropriate applications of epidemiological methods should be strengthened in HIA guideline and system development, especially the applications of big health data, mobile health techniques, systems epidemiology and implementation science, to facilitate data collection and potential health hazard evaluation and surveillance for HIA, establishment and improvement of HIA system and the implementation of Healthy China Strategy.