中国人群2002年吸烟和被动吸烟的现状调查

目的描述2002年中国人群吸烟、戒烟和被动吸烟的流行水平及在不同教育水平、职业和地区的分布特点，判断烟草流行的变化趋势。方法在145个疾病监测点中通过多阶段分层随机抽样，使用调查表人户调查，完成调查16407人，其中有16056人合格记录用于分析。采用总吸烟率、现在吸烟率、吸烟者日平均吸烟量、吸烟花费、戒烟率等指标，根据2002年普查人口进行加权计算。结果男性吸烟率为66．0％，女性吸烟率为3．08％，与1996年结果比较，人群吸烟率下降1．8％，15～24岁人群吸烟率上升，15岁以上吸烟者达到3．5亿人，较1996年增加3000万人。男性吸烟者水平大致相等，女性吸烟的地区差别更明显，东北、华北等地女性吸烟率依然很高。戒烟率增加，从1996年的9．42％上升到现在的11．5％，意味着增加了1000万戒烟者，但不打算戒烟者依然占了绝大多数，达到74％。人均吸烟量基本不变，为14．8支／日，吸烟者平均每日花费2．73元，但不同人群差异很大，最高和最低者相差15倍。被动吸烟暴露并没有大的改善，1996年和2002年两次调查结果几乎相等，人群中被动吸烟暴露水平分别为53％和52％。人们对烟草危害健康的知识增加，但西部地区人们的知识贫乏。60％以上的人支持公共场所禁止吸烟，45％支持禁止烟草广告，但地区差异依然很大。结论中国男性烟草使用的流行水平已经达到高峰，目前处在平台期，还没有明显的下降趋势。有关吸烟有害健康知识的传播还远远不够，特别西部地区人群对控烟措施的理解和支持率均不高，中国人群在短时间内烟草流行率不会明显下降，烟草导致的疾病负担在未来30—50年内将成为现实。

Smoking and passive smoking in Chinese, 2002

OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of smoking, quitting smoke, and passive smoking in different populations by education status, occupation and geographic distribution. METHODS: Surveillance on risk behaviors in 145 disease surveillance points (DSP) was carried out in 2002 by multi-steps random sampling through questionnaires. 16,407 records had been completed with 16 056 used for analysis. Indicators as smoking, current smoking, average cigarettes smoked and the cost per day, etc., were calculated by weight on age proportions from the 2000 census. RESULTS: Ever-smoking rates in males and females aged 15 and over were 66.0% and 3.1%, respectively with ever-smoking rate dropped 1.8% in whole population, but increased in people aged 15-24. The number of total smokers was about 350 million, 30 million more than that in 1996. There were no obvious geographic differences seen among male, but big difference was seen in female smokers. Higher smoking rates were seen in the northeast and northern parts of the country. Rate of quitting smoking was increasing, from 9.42% in 1996 to 11.5% in 2002, referring to an increase of 10 million quitters. However, the rate of no intention to quit among smokers was still very high--74%. The average cigarettes consumption per person-day was the same as that in 1996--14.8 cigarettes/day, which cost 2.73 RBM/day. The cost was various in different groups of population with a 15 times difference. The level of exposure for passive smokers was not improved. The prevalence of passive smoking in nonsmokers were 53% in 1996 and 52% in 2002. Knowledge on smoking and health condition in population had been greatly improved, but still poor in the western areas. 60% of the people claimed in supporting banning of smoking in public places, 45% supporting the banning of all cigarettes ads, but big difference was seen in different geographic areas. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of smoking in Chinese males had reached its peak, leveling but had not yet obvious dropped. Communication on the knowledge of harm in smoking remained weak since people did not understand or support the strategies on tobacco control, especially in the western areas. Data indicated that the prevalence of tobacco use would not decrease over in short period and the disease burden caused by tobacco use would still be heavy in the next 30-50 years. The government and public health authorities should develop effective tobacco control in no time to decrease disease burden caused by smoking and passive smoking.