贵州省安龙县21例人狂犬病的流行病学调查

目的 分析2004年2月8日至5月1日在贵州省安龙县发生的21例狂犬病患者,探讨局部地区爆发性流行的因素。方法 对21例狂犬病患者进行个案调查,用间接免疫荧光法检测犬脑组织中的狂犬病毒抗原。结果 在近3个月的时间内,安龙县共发生21例狂犬病,发病率为5.12/10万。在21例狂犬病患者中有20例被犬所伤,1例为猫所伤;全部病例平均潜伏期为36.52天,但潜伏期<15天的病例有6例;21例病例中17例未进行正确的伤口处理,9例接种疫苗,其中仅3例为及时接种。所有21例没有注射抗狂犬病毒血清或人抗狂犬病毒免疫球蛋白。在疫点周围采集的73只犬脑组织中,9只犬脑组织狂犬病病毒抗原为阳性,阳性率13.33％。结论 犬饲养量大,犬的病毒携带率高,伤后处理不及时不规范,疫苗接种率低可能是安龙县狂犬病发病爆发性流行的主要原因。

The survey of 21 cases of human rabies in Anlong county in Guizhou province

Objective To analyze 21 cases of rabies from February 8 to May 1 in 2004 in Anlong county in Guizhou province, and to explore the possible factors causing the epidemics. Methods 21 cases of rabies were investigated. The canine brains were collected, and indirect immunofluorescence assay was used to detect rabies virus antigen in the brains. Results From February 8 to May 1st in this year, 21 cases of rabies were reported, with 5.12/100 000 of the prevalence rate. Dogs accounted for 20 cases, and cat for one case. Median incubation period was 36.52 days, but less than 15 days in 6 cases. Among 21 cases, 17 cases were not correctly treated, and 9 cases received vaccine, with 3 cases vaccinated in time. No cases received passive immunization of antirabies serum or human antirabies immune globulin. A total of 73 dogs' brains were examined for rabies viral antigen by IFA, and 9( 12.33 % ) were positive. Conclusion The increasing number of dog, high rate of virus carrier in dogs, incorrect treatment of the wound, and as well as low inoculating rate of rabies vaccine might he responsible for the outbreak of rabies in Anlong county.