中国2002年居民身高和体重水平及近10年变化趋势分析

目的 了解中国居民的身高、体重现状及近10年来变化趋势，为国家制订相关政策及发展规划提供科学依据。方法 采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法，在全国31个省、自治区、直辖市抽取71971名住户居民测量身高和体重，文中仅对其中2～79岁人群的身高(有效数据210136人)和体重(有效数据202749人)进行分析。采用婴儿身长量床测定3岁以下儿童身长，采用立柱式身高计测定3岁及以上儿童和成人身高，测量精确度均为0．1cm；采用杠杆称测定3岁以下儿童体重，采用双标尺杠杆体重秤测定3岁及以上儿童和成人体重，精确度均为0．1kg。结果 2002年中国2、6、11、17岁儿童少年平均身高(cm)，城市男孩分别为90．1、118．4、144．9、170．2，女孩分别为89．0、117．0、145．8、158．6；农村男孩分别为87．6、113．1、139．2、166．3，女孩分别为86．2、112．9、140．0、157．0。2002年各年龄组平均身高都比1992年增加，同龄2～5岁学龄前儿童平均身高增减值，城市男孩3．6cm，农村男孩3．0cm，城市女孩3．8cm，农村女孩3．0cm；同龄6～19岁青少年平均身高增减值，城市男孩3．1cm，农村男孩3．4cm，城市女孩2．8cm，农村女孩3．1cm；20～70岁同龄成年人平均身高增减值，城市男性0，7cm，农村男性0．9cm，城市女性0．6cm，农村女性1．0cm。2、6、11、17岁儿童少年平均体重(kg)，城市男孩分别为13．5、22．2、37．4、58．7，女孩分别为12．7、21．2、36．7、51．9；农村男孩分别为12．8、19．4、31．9、54．9，女孩分别为11．9、18．7、31．8、51．2。2002年中国居民各年龄组体重也均高于1992年同龄人，同龄2～5岁学龄前儿童平均体重增减值，城市男孩1．0kg，农村男孩0．6kg，城市女孩0．8kg，农村女孩0．5kg；同龄6～19岁儿童青少年平均体重增减值，城市男孩2．0kg，农村男孩1．5kg，城市女孩1．4kg，农村女孩1．1kg；20～70岁同龄成年人平均体重增减值，城市男性3．2kg，农村男性3．0kg，城市女性1．6kg，农村女性2．9kg。结论 在过去10年间，中国居民各年龄组人群身高、体重均有明显的增长，尽管身高和体重的增长值在各年龄组和城乡之间还存在一定的差异，但是仍充分说明了近10年中国居民身体形态生长发育有了明显提高。

Study on weight and height of the Chinese people and the differences bet ween 1992 and 2002

Objective To describe the current situation and trends of mean weight and height of the Chinese people. Methods Subjects of 71 971 households from 31 provinces were selected by stratified multi-stage cluster random sampling method. Height from 210 136 and weight from 202 749 subjects aged 2-79 years were used to describe their trends of development during 1992-2002 . The height of children younger than 3 years of age was measured by infant height bed while the others were measured by metal height pole within 0.1 cm accuracy. Fasting body weight was measured to the nearest 0.1 kg . Results Data on the mean height (cm) of Chinese children aged 2, 6, 11, 17 years were gathered which include: 1) in urban area: boys as 90.1 (2y), 118.4 (6y), 144.9 (11y), 170.2 (17y); girls as: 89.0 (2y), 117.0 (6y), 145.8 (11y), 158.6 (17y); 2) in rural area:boys as 87.6 (2y), 113.1 (6y), 139.2 (11y), 166.3 (17y) while girls as 86.2 (2y), 112.9 (6y), 140.0 (11y), 157.0 (17y). When compared to the results from 1992, the average height increased among all age groups. The values of increase among different groups aged 2-5 years were seen as: 3.6 cm of boys in urban and 3.0 cm of boys in rural areas while 3.8 cm ofgirls in urban and 3.0 cm of girls in rural areas. Among the aged 6-19 year groups, the average increasing values of height were 3.1 cm , 3.4 cm , 2.8 cm and 3.1 cm of city boys, rural boys, city girls and rural girls, respectively versus adults as 0.7 cm , 0.9 cm , 0.6 cm and 1.0 cm , respectively. The mean weight (kg) of Chinese children aged 2, 6, 11, 17 years were listed as below: boys in urban area: 13.5 (2y), 22.2 (6y), 37.4 (11y), 58.7 (17y);girls in urban area: 12.7 (2y), 21.2 (6y), 36.7 (11y), 51.9 (17y);boys in rural area: 12.8 (2y), 19.4 (6y), 31.9 (11y), 54.9 (17y);girls in rural area: 11.9 (2y), 18.7 (6y), 31.8 (11y), 51.2 (17y). The average weights of all age groups on 2002 were all higher than their same age counterparts in 1992. The average increasing values of weight among children aged 2-5 years were 1.0 kg , 0.6 kg , 0.8 kg and 0.5 kg for city boys, rural boys, city girls and rural girls, respectively. Among the aged 6-19 year groups, they were 2.0 kg , 1.5 kg , 1.4 kg and 1.1 kg , while among the adults aged 20-70 years, they were 3.2 kg , 3.0 kg , 1.6 kg and 2.9 kg , respectively. Conclusion Both mean weight and height had a remarkable increase and the physical status improved among all age groups for the last ten years.