宁波市2017-2020年新确证HIV/AIDS中新发感染病例特征及其影响因素分析

目的 分析2017-2020年宁波市新确证HIV/AIDS中新发感染病例特征及其影响因素，为探索开展重点病例的溯源调查、促进检测发现和减少新发感染提供依据。方法 招募2017-2020年宁波市新确证HIV/AIDS作为研究对象，采用横断面调查问卷收集研究对象一般人口学信息、性行为特征、HIV抗体检测及HIV感染途径等相关信息。根据HIV检测史、发生危险性行为史和确证后CD4⁺T淋巴细胞计数判定新发感染和本地感染。采用EpiData 3.1和SPSS 23.0软件进行录入、整理数据库和统计学分析。结果 研究对象2 044例HIV/AIDS中，年龄（40.6±15.3）岁，其中男性1 684例（82.4%）、未婚758例（37.1%）、宁波市户籍1 072例（52.5%）、初中及以下文化程度1 253例（61.3%），宁波市居住时间>5年979例（47.9%），判定为本地新发感染的比例为34.3%（702/2 044）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，2020年报告病例（与2017年报告病例相比，OR=1.422，95%CI：1.092~1.851）、职业为学生/教师/干部职员/离/退休人员（与商业服务/餐饮/公共场所服务人员相比，OR=1.682，95%CI：1.307~2.165）、最近1年使用男性社交软件寻找同性非商业性伴（与未使用男性社交软件相比，OR=1.353，95%CI：1.073~1.706）的本地新发感染HIV风险较高。结论 2017-2020年宁波市新确证HIV/AIDS本地新发感染占一定比例，本地使用男性社交软件寻找同性非商业性伴是HIV/AIDS本地新发感染HIV的危险因素，应加强男性社交软件寻找性伴MSM的溯源调查和互联网干预工作，减少本地艾滋病新发感染风险。

Characteristics and influencing factors of newly HIV infection among newly confirmed HIV/AIDS cases in Ningbo city, 2017-2020

Objective To identify the characteristics and influencing factors of local HIV infection among newly confirmed cases in Ningbo from 2017 to 2020 to provide evidence for traceability investigations on critical cases and facilitate the detection procedures and reduce new HIV infection. Methods From January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2020, the newly confirmed HIV/AIDS in Ningbo were recruited. An epidemiological questionnaire was used to collect relevant information, including demography, sexual behaviors, results of HIV antibody tests, and the route of HIV transmission. According to the HIV testing, history of risk behaviors, and the level of CD4⁺ lymphocytes after confirmation, the HIV infection was acquired in the previous year, or the place was in Ningbo. The EpiData 3.1 and SPSS 23.0 software were used for input, sorting database and statistical analysis.Results A total of 2 044 HIV/AIDS on-site investigations were completed. The average age of the subjects was (40.6±15.3) years old, including 1 684 males (82.4%), 758 unmarrieds (37.1%), 1 072 (52.5%) registered as permanent residents in Ningbo, 1 253 (61.3%) with junior high school education or below, 979 (47.9%) lived in Ningbo for more than five years. The proportion of local, new HIV infections was 34.34% (702/2 044). Multivariate logistic analysis showed that the proportion of local newly HIV infection was higher among those who were confirmed in 2020 (compared with the 2017 confirmed cases, OR=1.422, 95%CI:1.092-1.851), whose occupations were students/teachers/cadres/retirees (compared to commercial service/catering/public place service personnel, OR=1.682, 95%CI:1.307-2.165), meeting sex partners via male social software locally in the last year (compared with without using related dating software, OR=1.353, 95%CI:1.073-1.706).Conclusions The proportion of local HIV infection of newly confirmed HIV/AIDS was relatively high in Ningbo city from 2017 to 2020. Meeting gay sex partners through local male social software appeared a risk factor for local newly HIV infection. Traceability investigations and internet intervention should be carried out for MSM. While male social software should be focused on identifying and controlling the risk of local newly HIV infection.