中国人群2002年饮食、体力活动和体重指数的现状调查

目的描述2002年中国人群的饮食行为、体力活动和体重指数(BMI)的流行水平,以及在不同教育水平、职业和地区人群中的分布。方法应用17个问题,利用2002年普查人口进行加权,计算不同类别人群使用不同类别食物的频率、不同类别的烹调油、食用快餐食品的频度、体力活动的强度、参加体育活动的比例、静坐生活方式和BMI的分布。结果调查的中国人群中70%的人几乎每天食用蔬菜,只有40%的人每周5-7天和3-4天食用水果;50%以上的人群每周5-7天和3-4天食用动物肉类食品,豆制品和蛋类次之;只有25%的人群每周5-7天和3-4天食用水产、禽类食品,而40%的人几乎没有食用;食用频率最低的是奶制品,70%的人几乎不食用奶及奶制品。有15%左右的人每周5-7天和3-4天食用甜食以及高脂类食品;近30%的人每周5-7天和3-4天食用熏制食品。每类食品的食用频率受地理区域、教育水平和职业等因素的影响。11.7%的人主要使用动物油进行烹调,33%的学生有上快餐店的经历。人群中有11.7%、20.5%、44.7%和23.0%的调查对象分别从事非常轻、轻、中等和重体力劳动的工作。18.04%的人参加体育活动,不同性别、职业、教育水平和地区人群参与体育活动的比例不同。工作中体力强度越大,参加体育活动的比例越低。8.3%的人BMI<18.5,68.0%的人BMI18.5～23.9,BMI

Study on diet, physical activities and body mass index in Chinese population in 2002

Objective To describe the prevalence of behavior on diet, physical activities and body mass index(BMI) in different populations related to factors as education, occupation and geographical distribution. Methods Indicators including frequency of taking different foods, intake of cooking oil/fast foods, intensities of physical activities at work, proportion of taking physical exercises during the day, sedentary life style and BMI were calculated based on results from 17 questions of behavior risk factors surveillance(BRFS) questionnaire by weight on age structures from 2000 census. Results Seventy percentage of the people took vegetable and 40 percent took fruits 5-7 days per week, and over 50 percent of them ate pork/beef/mutton but few of them ate beans and eggs. 25 percent of the people ate chicken/duck/fish/and shrimps 5-7 times per week but another 40 percent ate them only less then once per week. 70% of the people almost never drank milk or milk-products.15 percent of them consumed sweet and greasy foods 3-7 days per week and 30 percent of them ate smoked food 3-7 days per week in the past 30 days. The proportions of food intake were different under different geographical regions, education levels and occupations. 11.7 % of the sample population cooked mainly with animal oil, and 33% of the students had ever been to McDonald's. 11.7 %, 20.5 %, 44.7 % and 23.0 % of the subjects engaged in sedentary, light, moderate or heavy physical activities respectively. 18.04 % of the subjects took part in physical exercises with different proportions by gender, occupation, education and geographical settings. 8.3 % people were slim which was defined as having BMI lower than 18.5 kg/m2 . 68.0 % of the people had a BMI as 18.5- 23.9 kg/m2 . 23.7 % of the subects were being overweight which was defined as having BMI greater than 24 kg/m2 , among which 8.5 % people with a BMI of 24- 24.9 kg/m2 . Conclusion The prevalence of overweight and obesity will increase in the next 20-30 years, with the habits of taking more foods with high fat and energy but with less physical activities and keeping the idea as "fattier makes happier". Priorities should be given to changing the diet habit, avoiding over-intake of high fat and high energy plus increasing physical activities through publicity of knowledge on health, policy enforcement and development of supportive environment.